Vpliv krioterapije na lajšanje perinealne bolečine po vaginalnem porodu z epiziotomijo in vloga medicinske sestre : diplomsko delo

Zaharievska, Ivana (avtor), Mlinar, Suzana (mentor), Mihelič Zajec, Andreja (recenzent)

Uvod: Epiziotomija je kirurško povečanje mehke porodne poti z rezom presredka v zadnjem delu druge faze poroda. Epiziotomija je pogost vzrok poporodne bolečine v perineumu. Krioterapija je pogosto uporabljena neinvazivna metoda lajšanja bolečine, ki je združljiva z dojenjem. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature predstaviti vpliv krioterapije na lajšanje poporodne perinealne bolečine po vaginalnem porodu z epiziotomijo ter predstaviti vlogo medicinske sestre. Metode dela: Za nastanek diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Literaturo smo iskali prek portala Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani, v bibliografskih podatkovnih bazah Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct ter s pomočjo Google Učenjaka. Uporabili smo angleške ključne besede: episiotomy, cryotherapy, nursing care, postpartum pain in ključne besede v slovenščini: epiziotomija, krioterapija, zdravstvena nega, poporodna bolečina. V pregled je bila vključena literatura, objavljena od leta 2008 do leta 2023. Rezultati: Analiziranih je bilo 14 člankov. Analize kažejo, da je krioterapija učinkovita nefarmakološka metoda lajšanja poporodne bolečine po epiziotomiji. Otročnice so krioterapijo prenašale dobro, brez neželenih učinkov. Otročnice, ki so uporabljale krioterapijo, so poročale o nižji stopnji bolečine predvsem v prvem tednu po porodu. Krioterapija se izvaja po klinični presoji zdravstvenih delavcev, z namenom zmanjšanja bolečine, ob soglasju otročnice. Razprava in zaključek: Otročnice po vaginalnem porodu z epiziotomijo doživljajo različne stopnje bolečine v presredku, ki se pojavi v prvih nekaj urah po porodu. Nefarmakološki načini so varnejši pri dojenju. Med nefarmakološkimi sredstvi za lajšanje bolečine v presredku po porodu se pogosto uporablja krioterapija. Krioterapija, ki se začne takoj po rojstvu ali do 24 ur po porodu, je učinkovita pri lajšanju bolečin in je med najprimernejšimi metodami za klinično prakso babištva in zdravstvene nege. Diplomirana medicinska sestra mora biti seznanjena z učinkovitim lajšanjem poporodne bolečine ter pravilno uporabo krioterapije. Naloga diplomirane medicinske sestre je izobraževanje, pomoč in podpora otročnic v poporodnem obdobju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, epiziotomija, krioterapija, poporodna bolečina
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [I. Zaharievska]
• Leto izida: 2023
• Št. strani: 28 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-150118
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 164431107
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.09.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of cryotherapy on relief of perineal pain after vaginal childbirth with episiotomy and the role of the nurse : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Episiotomy is a surgical enlargement of the soft birth canal through an incision in the perineum during the latter part of the second stage of labor. Episiotomy is a common cause of postpartum pain in the perineum. Cryotherapy is a commonly used non-invasive method of pain relief that is compatible with breastfeeding. Purpose: Aim of the diploma thesis was to describe the impact of cryotherapy on the relief of postpartum perineal pain after vaginal delivery with episiotomy, and to present the role of the nurse, through a review of professional and scientific literature Methods: A descriptive method of work was used to create the thesis, with a review of professional and scientific literature. Literature was searched through the portal of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKul), bibliographic databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct and with the help of Google Scholar. We used English keywords: episiotomy, cryotherapy, nursing care, postpartum pain and keywords in Slovenian: epiziotomija, krioterapija, zdravstvena nega, poporodna bolečina. Literature published form 2012 to 2022 was included in the literature review. Results: 14 articles were analyzed. Analyzes show that cryotherapy is an effective non-pharmacological method of relieving postpartum pain after episiotomy. Postnatal mothers tolerated the cryotherapy well, without side effects. Postnatal mothers who used cryotherapy reported a lower level of pain, especially in the first week after giving birth. Cryotherapy is performed according to the clinical judgment of medical professionals, with the aim of reducing pain, with the consent of the woman. Discussion and conclusion: After vaginal birth with episiotomy, women experience varying degrees of pain in the perineum, which appears in the first few hours after delivery. Non-pharmacological methods are safer during breastfeeding. Cryotherapy is often used among non-pharmacological means to relieve pain in the perineum after childbirth. Cryotherapy, which begins immediately after birth or up to 24 hours after delivery, is effective in relieving pain and is among the most suitable methods for the clinical practice of midwifery and nursing. The nurse must be familiar with the effective relief of postpartum pain and the correct use of cryotherapy. The task of a nurse is to educate, help and support women with children in the postpartum period.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, episiotomy, cryotherapy, postpartum pain