Introduction: The World Health Organization has identified vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten threats to global health in 2019. Control of infectious diseases often interferes with individual rights and causes certain ethical dilemmas. Purpose: The purpose of this work is overview of scientific and professional literature, about ethical dilemmas related to vaccination of children. Methods: The descriptive research method was chosen to review the scientific and professional literature based on Slovenian and foreign sources. Results: Collective immunity is public good what means that each individual is receiving its benefits. It takes 95 % vaccination rate to establish it. Population vaccination rate is dropping with years. Ethical dilemma is represented by the fact that vaccine is used on healthy child, with purpose to protect individual child and community with child bearing the risk. There are several reasons why parents do not decide for vaccination of their children, most common are: vaccine side effects, doubt in vaccine or government and various personal beliefs (religious, moral...). Discussion and conclusion: Vaccination programmes are ethically and morally justified. A just society has a duty to protect its children from serious vaccine-preventable diseases. Several foreign studies have shown that vaccination is the safest way to prevent infectious diseases.
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