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Povezanost razmerja esencialnih in toksičnih elementov v sledovih ter razvojnega zaostanka pri otrocih z motnjo avtističnega spektra
ID Majcenovič, Nuša (Author), ID Osredkar, Joško (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Vzroki za motnjo avtističnega spektra še niso povsem raziskani, vendar jo lahko povezujemo s toksičnimi elementi v sledovih (Hg, As, Pb, Cd), ki lahko v povišanih koncentracijah v telesu povzročijo nevrotoksične učinke in razvojni zaostanek pri otrocih. Hkrati lahko pomanjkanje esencialnih elementov v sledovih (Cu, Zn, Co, Se) pri otrocih vpliva na pravilen razvoj in delovanje živčnega sistema. V naši raziskavi smo preučevali povezanost razmerja esencialnih in toksičnih elementov v sledovih in razvojnega zaostanka pri otrocih z motnjo avtističnega spektra. V raziskavo smo vključili 94 otrok in mladostnikov s postavljeno diagnozo motnje avtističnega spektra in njihove sorojence, ki so predstavljali kontrolno skupino (55 preiskovancev). Vzorci urina so bili analizirani z metodo masna spektrometrija z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo. Koncentracije elementov v sledovih smo izrazili kot razmerje med koncentracijo elementa in koncentracijo kreatinina v istem vzorcu urina, kar je omogočilo bolj primerljive rezultate med različnimi vzorci urina. Mediane koncentracij v urinu večine elementov v sledovih se statistično ne razlikujejo med skupino preiskovancev z motnjo avtističnega spektra in kontrolno skupino. Rezultati analiz so pokazali bistveno nižje koncentracije Ba (34,2 %) in Ca (40,9 %) pri skupini preiskovancev z motnjo avtističnega spektra v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Mediani koncentracij Ba in Ca v urinu sta se značilno razlikovali med skupinama (p < 0,05; |^| > 1,96). Poleg tega je bila ugotovljena statistično pomembna linearna povezanost med koncentracijami Ba in Ca (r = 0,367; p = 0,000) v urinu preiskovancev. Mediane koncentracij v urinu so bile opazno višje pri skupni preiskovancev z motnjo avtističnega spektra v primerjavi z medianami koncentracij kontrolne skupine za toksične elemente Sn, As in Pb, in sicer za 19,9 %, 16,4 % in 13,9 % v enakem zaporedju. Nižje koncentracije v urinu pri skupini preiskovancev z motnjo avtističnega spektra so bile pri Mn za 17,7 %, Cd za 11,0 % in Co za 8,2 %. Bistvene razlike v koncentracijah Hg, Cu, Se in Zn v urinu med skupinama ni bilo. Povprečna vrednost razmerja med Zn in Cu v urinu preiskovancev je bila nižja pri skupini preiskovancev z motnjo avtističnega spektra (42:1) kot pri kontrolni skupini (46:1). Za elemente v sledovih Pb, As in Al so z naraščanjem števila točk pri ocenjevalni lestvici otroškega avtizma, s katero ocenjujemo resnost avtističnih simptomov, naraščale tudi koncentracije elementov v urinu preiskovancev. Nasprotno je višje število točk pri ocenjevalni lestvici otroškega avtizma bilo povezano z nižjimi koncentracijami Ca v urinu preiskovancev. Rezultati raziskave prikazujejo, da obstaja določena povezava med toksičnimi in esencialnimi elementi v sledovih in razvojnim zaostankom pri otrocih z motnjo avtističnega spektra.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:motnja avtističnega spektra, toksični elementi v sledovih, esencialni elementi v sledovih, ocenjevalna lestvica otroškega avtizma
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-150104 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:14.09.2023
Views:914
Downloads:92
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The association between the ratio of essential and toxic trace elements and developmental delay in children with autism spectrum disorder
Abstract:
The causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but there is a possible link to toxic trace elements (such as mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium), which may be present in elevated concentrations and cause neurotoxic effects and developmental delays in children. At the same time, deficiencies of essential trace elements (such as copper, zinc, cobalt, and selenium) in children with autism spectrum disorder can impair proper development and function of the nervous system. To investigate this further, a study was conducted involving 149 children, including 94 with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and 55 of their siblings who served as the control group. Urine samples were collected and analyzed using mass spectrometry, specifically inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We expressed the concentrations of trace elements as the ratio between the element concentration and creatinine concentration in the same urine sample, which allowed for more comparable results across different urine samples. The study found that the median concentrations of most trace elements in urine do not statistically differ between the group of subjects with autism spectrum disorder and the control group. Barium (34,2 %) and calcium (40,9 %) concentrations were significantly lower in the group of children with autism spectrum disorder compared to the control group. The median concentrations of barium and calcium in urine samples significantly differed between the two groups (p < 0.05; |^| > 1.96). There was a statistically significant linear relationship between barium and calcium (r = 0.367; p = 0.000) in urine samples. The median concentrations in urine were noticeably higher for tin (19.9 %), arsenic (16.4 %), and lead (13.9 %) in the group of children with autism spectrum disorder. While concentrations of manganese (17.7 %), cadmium (11.0 %) and cobalt (8.2 %) were lower. There were no significant differences in mercury, selenium, copper and zinc concentrations in urine between the two groups. The mean values of the ratio of zinc to copper in the urine of the children were lower in the group of children with autism spectrum disorder (42:1) than in the control group (46:1). We also included the results of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale questionnaires, which assesses the severity of autistic symptoms. Trace element concentrations of lead, arsenic, and aluminium increased with increasing scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, while calcium concentrations decreased significantly with increasing scores. The results of the study suggests that there is some relationship between toxic and essential trace elements and developmental delays in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Keywords:autism spectrum disorder, toxic trace elements, essential trace elements, childhood autism rating scale

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