Due to the extraordinary amount of CO₂ emissions, we are facing devastating effects on the environment. In addition to reducing carbon emissions, carbon capture and storage are necessary to reduce the CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. Carbon flows naturally between carbon sinks such as the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere and the oceans. Organisms that sequester carbon for biomass production are responsible for carbon sequestration. These organisms are mostly phototrophic, but microorganisms are also able to fix carbon in different ways. Carbon is stored over long periods of time in soils, sediments and oceans. Some microorganisms that are able to fix carbon can be used for biofuel production. These technologies are called bioenergy for carbon capture and storage, or BECCS for short. By sequestering carbon, some microorganisms can produce other value-added products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetic compounds, fine chemicals, exopolysaccharides and polyhydroxyalkanoates. In addition to wastewater treatment, the production of biofuels is also possible. Fungi are perspectively able to sequester carbon and produce various products. The ability of some fungi to flocculate can simplify downstream processes and thus reduce production costs. Cost efficiency is important for the implementation of carbon capture and sequestration or utilisation systems. New generation technologies can be used for system improvements. In this paper, I present natural systems for carbon capture, biotechnological approaches to carbon capture, processes already in use and perspective areas for future research
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