Prepoznavanje nasilja v družini nad otroki z intelektualno oviranostjo

Travnikar, Teja (author), Zaviršek, Darja (mentor)

V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela sem opredelila otroke z intelektualno oviro in vrste ter posledice nasilja nad njimi. Osredotočila sem se na prepoznavanje znakov nasilja v družini, vprašanje, kako otroci doživljajo nasilje in kakšna je povezava med doživljanjem nasilja in otrokovo intelektualno oviranostjo. V empiričnem delu raziskave sem uporabila tematsko analizo in predstavila izkušnje strokovnih delavk z različnih področij, ki so zaposlene na centrih za socialno delo, na rednih osnovnih šolah in na osnovnih šolah s prilagojenim programom. V vseh desetih intervjujih sem ugotovila, da je nasilje še vedno velikokrat sprejemljivo ravnanje, še bolj pa je lahko normalizirano nasilje nad otroki z intelektualno oviro. Za prepoznavanje nasilja nad intelektualno oviranimi otroki je potrebnega še več znanja, še posebej kadar ne govorijo, težje komunicirajo ali pa so gibalno ovirani in tako težje izrazijo ali pokažejo, da v domačem okolju doživljajo nasilje. Najpogosteje se srečujejo s primeri psihičnega nasilja in s primeri, ko je otrok priča nasilju enega starša nad drugim. Večina strokovnih delavk ima manj izkušenj s primeri nasilja nad otroki z intelektualno oviro, kar pa lahko kaže na to, da veliko nasilja ostane skritega. Najmanj je odkritega nasilja pri otrocih, ki imajo diagnosticirano težjo in težko motnjo v duševnem razvoju. S strokovnimi delavkami sem se pogovarjala tudi o znakih nasilja, po katerih najpogosteje prepoznajo nasilje nad otrokom, pri prepoznavanju znakov nasilja pa se tako na centrih za socialno delo kot na šolah srečujejo z različnimi izzivi in ovirami. Strokovne delavke vidijo tudi povezavo med doživljanjem nasilja in nespodbudnega okolja ter otrokovo intelektualno oviro. Vse to lahko že od nosečnosti dalje vpliva na otrokov razvoj. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov na koncu zapišem tudi sklepe in predloge.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nasilje v družini, otroci z intelektualno oviro, otroci z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, otroci s posebnimi potrebami, prepoznavanje nasilja v družini nad otroki, znaki nasilja, posledice nasilja
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-149929
• Publication date in RUL: 12.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Recognition of domestic violence against children with intellectual disability

Abstract

In the theoretical part of my master's thesis, I define children with an intellectual disability, the types of violence against them and its consequences. I also focus on recognizing the signs of violence in the family, how children experience violence and the connection between experiencing violence and a child's intellectual disability. In the empirical part of the research, I carry out a thematic analysis and present the experiences of professional workers from various fields who are employed at social work centres, at regular elementary schools and at elementary schools with an adapted program. Through all ten interviews, I find that violence is still often considered acceptable behaviour, and violence against children with intellectual disabilities can be even more normalized. In order to recognize violence against intellectually disabled children, even more knowledge is required, especially when they do not speak, have difficulty communicating or are physically challenged, making it more difficult to express or show that they are experiencing violence in their home environment. They most often encounter cases of psychological violence and cases where a child witnesses violence by one parent against another. Professional workers generally have less experience with cases of violence against children with intellectual disabilities, which may indicate that a lot of violence remains hidden. The lowest amount of uncovered violence is among children who have been diagnosed with severe and difficult intellectual disability. I also talk with professional workers about the signs of violence by which they most often recognize violence against a child. At social work centres and at schools they encounter various challenges and obstacles when recognizing the signs of violence. Professional workers also see a connection between experiencing violence, an unstimulating environment and the child's intellectual disability. All of this can affect the child's development from pregnancy onwards. Based on the obtained results, I also draw conclusions and make proposals at the end.

• Keywords: domestic violence, children with intellectual disability, children with special needs, recognition of domestic violence against children, signs of violence, consequences of violence