Stem cells are capable of infinite replication which enables the processes of self-renewal and differentiation into more specialized cell lineages. This enables the constant renewal of tissues and organs in living organisms. Numerous types of hydrogels, either based on natural or synthetic polymer structures, are practically used for the cultivation of stem cells. These hydrogels, formed by various crosslinking techniques, create structures that mimic the biological extracellular matrix. Natural hydrogels made from biopolymers have been used for decades in stem cell cultivation, but with scientific advancements and new technologies, modified versions of these and novel synthetic structures are emerging, characterized by improved mechanical properties and better imitation of the natural biological environment. In this way, through mechanical and biological adjustments of hydrogels, we can influence the cultivation and differentiation of stem cells. This thesis summarizes a literature review in the field of hydrogels used for the cultivation and differentiation of stem cells.
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