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Napovedovanje kakovosti udrobnilnih sredstev tipa Al-Ti-B z meritvami električne upornosti : magistrsko delo
ID Pavšič, Aljaž (Author), ID Vončina, Maja (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Petrič, Mitja (Comentor)

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Abstract
Razvoju aluminija in njegovih zlitin se posvečamo z namenom doseganja čim boljših (mehanskih) lastnosti. Ker so aluminijeve zlitine lahke in to ugodno vpliva npr. na manjšo porabo goriva ter tako na boljši izkoristek vozil, iščemo načine kako pri njih doseči čim višje mehanske lastnosti. Z zmanjševanjem velikosti kristalnih zrn oz. t.i. udrobnjevanjem to lahko dosežemo, čemur smo se posvetili tudi v tej magistrski nalogi. Glede na to, da imamo na trgu na voljo različne vrste udrobnilnih sredstev z različnimi kemijskimi sestavami, smo na podlagi meritev električne upornosti različnih udrobnilnih sredstev tipa Al-Ti-B želeli ugotoviti ali lahko najboljšega izberemo zgolj na podlagi teh meritev. Na razpolago smo imeli štiri različna udrobnilna sredstva (Aleastur 3/1, Optifine 3/1, Optifine 5/1 in KBM 5/1) iz katerih smo pripravili vzorce za kemijsko analizo, na podlagi katere smo izračunali termodinamsko ravnotežno strjevanje ter ravnotežni delež faz v udrobnilnih sredstvih v programu Thermo-Calc. Na vseh udrobnilnih sredstvih smo izvedli diferenčno vrstično kalorimetrijo (DSC), iz katere smo predvideli potek strjevanja in faze, ki se tvorijo v udrobnilnih sredstvih ter napovedali njihovo čistost. Analizo velikostne porazdelitve delcev TiB2 in Al3Ti smo izvedli na vrstičnem elektronskem mikroskopu (SEM) ter optičnem mikroskopu (OM). Opravili smo tudi meritve električne upornosti, na podlagi katere smo izračunali specifično električno upornost za vsako udrobnilno sredstvo posebej. V nadaljevanju smo kakovost udrobnilnih sredstev preverili še z enostavno termično analizo (ETA) na zlitini Al99,7, pri čemer smo izdelali 17 vzorcev, čisti Al99,7 in Al99,7 z dodatkom udrobnilnih sredstev. Na ETA vzorcih smo izvedli še analizo velikosti kristalnih zrn po presečni metodi. Rezultati analiz so pokazali, da ima udrobnilno sredstvo B najnižje razmerje Ti/B, termodinamični izračun je pokazal najnižji delež faz Al3Ti in TiB2, iz optične mikroskopije smo razbrali enakomerno razporeditev teh faz, kar smo potrdili tudi s SEM analizo velikostne porazdelitve delcev teh faz. DSC analiza je pokazala najvišjo talilno in strjevalno entalpijo udrobnilnega sredstva B, ker je le-to vsebovalo najmanj nečistoč. Električna upornost tega udrobnilnega sredstva je bila prav tako najnižja, zaradi najmanj nečistoč in delcev ter enakomerne razporeditve. Najboljše rezultate udrobnjevanja sta pokazala udrobnilno sredstvo B in C.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:udrobnilna sredstva tipa Al-Ti-B, termodinamika, električna upornost, DSC, velikostne porazdelitve delcev TiB2 in Al3Ti, velikost kristalnih zrn
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Publisher:A. Pavšič
Year:2023
Number of pages:XV, 56 f.
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-149673 This link opens in a new window
UDC:669
COBISS.SI-ID:168133379 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:08.09.2023
Views:879
Downloads:43
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Predicting quality of Al-Ti-B type grain refiners using electrical resistivity measurements : master's thesis
Abstract:
We are dedicated to the development of aluminum and its alloys with the aim of achieving the best possible (mechanical) properties. Since aluminum alloys are light and this has a favorable effect on fuel consumption, for example, we are looking for ways to achieve the highest possible mechanical properties. By reducing the size of the crystal grains (grain refinement) we can achieve this. Since there are different types of grain refiners on the market, we wanted to find out if we could select the best one based on electrical resistance measurements. We had four different grain refiners available (Aleastur 3/1, Optifine 3/1, Optifine 5/1 and KBM 5/1) from which we prepared samples for chemical analysis, based on which we calculated the thermodynamic equilibrium solidification and equilibrium fraction of phases in grain refiners in the Thermo-Calc program. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on all grain refiners which allowed us to predict the course of solidification and the phases formed in the grain refiners and their purity. The analysis of the size distribution of TiB2 and Al3Ti particles was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM). We also performed electrical resistivity measurements, based on which we calculated the electrical resistivity for each grain refiner individually. In the following, we checked the quality of the grain refiners with a simple thermal analysis (ETA) on the Al99.7 alloy, preparing 17 samples, pure Al99.7 and Al99.7 with added grain refiners. We also performed the crystal grain size analysis on the ETA samples using the mean intercept method. The results of the analyzes showed that grain refiner B has the lowest Ti/B ratio, the thermodynamic calculation revealed the lowest proportion of Al3Ti and TiB2 phases, and the uniform distribution of these phases was also confirmed by the SEM analysis of the particle size distribution of these phases. DSC analysis revealed the highest melting and solidification enthalpy of grain refiner B, as it contained the fewest impurities. The electrical resistivity was also the lowest, which can be attributed to the least impurities and particles and the uniform distribution. The best grain refining results were shown by grain refiner B and C.

Keywords:grain refiners type Al-Ti-B, thermodynamics, electrical resistivity, DSC, size distribution of TiB2 and Al3Ti, crystal grains size

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