History has taught us the importance of clean water and environment. In the past, humanity was faced with the challenge of building basic sewage system. With the development of industry and new discoveries, the number of pollutants began to increase. It was necessary to find new solutions to remove pollutants from the water. Municipal treatment plants were created and have changed ever since. Nowadays, the number of new wastewater treatment methods is increasing rapidly, as the needs for treatment are increasing due to population growth. Despite more advanced technologies, municipal wastewater treatment plants still face many challenges. The biggest problems are huge consumption of energy, how to properly handle active sludge, and the effect municipal sewage treatment plants have on the environment. Another challenge is the implementation of new technologies on already existing treatment plants. In recent years, the emphasis has been on reducing the amount of waste, restoring nutrients from wastewater and building self-sufficient sewage treatment plants. The processes encountered in water treatment plants represent energy potential and a step closer to reducing the carbon footprint.
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