Teorija navezanosti kot temeljno znanje za ravnanje z otroki z izkušnjo razvojne kompleksne travme v KCO Palčica

Strnad, Špela (author), Mešl, Nina (mentor), Šeme, Mojca (co-mentor)

Otroke in mladostnike, ki so v svojem domačem okolju žrtve zanemarjanja in zlorabe, lahko v primeru prehude ogroženosti država zaščiti tako, da so odvzeti iz matičnega okolja in nameščeni v krizni ceter. V krizni center Palčica so nameščeni otroci od 0 do 6 let. Doživljanje tovrstnih dogodkov, povezanih z zlorabo in zanemarjanjem, s katerimi se soočajo že v tako zgodnjih mesecih oz. letih svojega življenja, znatno in pomembno vpliva tako na njihovo trenutno življenje kot tudi na nadaljni razvoj in hkrati zaznamuje njihovo prihodnost ter dobo odraslosti. Otroci, ki so nameščeni v krizni center Palčica, so bili v svojem matičnem okolju izpostavljeni številnim travmatičnim dogodkom, zato je delo s temi otroki drugačno kot s tistimi, ki tovrstnih izkušenj nimajo. Še pomembneje, zaradi svojih izkušenj ti otroci potrebujejo zelo varne odzive odraslih, ki lahko pomembno prispevajo k otrokovemu okrevanju, v nasprotnem primeru pa lahko enako pomembno prispevajo k povzročanju retravmatizacije ali dodatne travme. Da bi v sistemu zaščite otrok lahko zagotovili varne odzive, morajo biti strokovni delavci pri svojem delu izjemno pazljivi ter podkrepljeni z ustreznim znanjem. V teoretičnem delu opredelim ključne koncepte teorije navezanosti, pomen in vplive ne-varne navezanosti, predstavim ključne vidike zanemarjanja in zlorabe otroka ter tudi razvojno kompleksno travmo in njene simptome ter posledice. V nadaljevanju predstavim nujni odvzem in namestitev otroka v krizni center Palčica ter se osredotočim na vidik čustveno varnih odzivov na otroka z izkušnjo travme. Po pregledu literature in snovanju teoretičnega dela sem v svojem diplomskem delu opravila intervjuje z vsemi zaposlenimi v KCO Palčica in tako ugotavljala, na kakšne načine se strokovne delavke in sodelavke v KCO Palčica odzivajo na otrokove stiske, ki so povezane z vzorci ne-varne navezanosti in razvojno kompleksno travmo, ter s katerimi znanji so opremljene. V posebnem fokusu so bila znanja o navezanosti in čustveno varnem odzivu na otroka v stiski.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: teorija navezanosti, razvojna kompleksna travma, zanemarjanje, zloraba, nujni odvzem, KCO Palčica, čustveno varni odzivi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148775
• Publication date in RUL: 31.08.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Attachment theory as fundamental actionable knowledge for working with children with complex developmental trauma in Palcica Crisis Centre

Abstract

Children and adolescents who are victims of neglect and abuse in their home environment can be protected by being removed from their home environment and placed in a crisis centre if they are too vulnerable to be taken into care by the state. Children aged 0 to 6 years are placed in the Palcica Crisis Centre. The experience of such events of abuse and neglect, which they face at such an early age, has a significant and important impact on both their current life and their further development, and at the same time shapes their future and adulthood. Children who are placed in the Palcica Crisis Centre have been exposed to many traumatic events in their home environment and, as a consequence, working with these children is different from working with those who have not had such experiences. More importantly, because of their experiences, these children need very safe adult responses that can make a significant contribution to the child's recovery, otherwise they can contribute equally significantly to causing retraumatisation or additional trauma. In order to ensure safe responses in the child protection system, practitioners need to be extremely vigilant in their work, backed up by appropriate knowledge. In the theoretical part, I define the key concepts of attachment theory, the meaning and impact of unsafe attachment, present key aspects of child neglect and abuse, as well as developmentally complex trauma and its symptoms and consequences. I then present the emergency removal and placement of a child in the Thumb Crisis Centre and focus on the aspect of emotionally safe responses to a child with a trauma experience. After reviewing the literature and designing the theoretical part of my thesis, I interviewed all the employees in the Palcica Crisis Centre to identify the ways in which they respond to children's distress related to unsafe attachment patterns and developmentally complex trauma, and what skills they are equipped with. A particular focus was on attachment skills and emotionally secure responses to the child in distress.

• Keywords: attachment theory, developmental complex trauma, neglect, abuse, emergency removal, Palcica Crisis Center, emotionally safe responses