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The size distribution metrics and kinetic energy of raindrops above and below an isolated tree canopy in urban environment
ID
Alivio, Mark Bryan
(
Author
),
ID
Bezak, Nejc
(
Author
),
ID
Mikoš, Matjaž
(
Author
)
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MD5: 71A100EF0A16AFEC800104292E3407E4
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866723001425
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Abstract
Raindrop impact on bare soils is the initial phase of rainfall-induced soil erosion which is altered under any type of vegetation due to the interactions of rainfall with the canopies. This study examines the drop size distribution (DSD) and kinetic energy (KE) of raindrops above and below the birch tree (Betula pendula Roth.) canopy in a research plot in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia using a one-year observation of 63 rainfall events and the effect of meteorological variables under moderate continental climate. Simultaneous measurement of the microstructures of open rainfall and throughfall was carried out using an optical disdrometer. The result of our analysis revealed that throughfall DSD showed two distinct major peaks (bimodal) occurring primarily on smaller drop sizes while open rainfall has only one. The cumulative drop number, median drop-volume diameter (D$_{50}$), and drop fall velocity of throughfall were 16.4%, 26.6%, and 5.0% lower than those of open rainfall, respectively. Also, the relative volume percentage of raindrops > 1.5 mm is 1.5 times higher than those observed in throughfall drops which indicates that the presence of the canopy caused the fractionation of larger drops into smaller droplets. These reductions significantly differ depending on the phenoseasons of the canopy with the leafed state being higher than the leafless state. Similarly, the Kruskal-Wallis H test result revealed that birch tree elicits a statistically significant change in the kinetic energy of open rainfall, thus weakening the mean rainfall KE by 33.7%. On the other hand, KE is positively affected by the phenological condition of the canopy with higher attenuation being observed during its leafed state. Also, the correlation analysis demonstrated that vapor pressure deficit, air temperature, and relative humidity have stronger associations with throughfall kinetic energy among meteorological variables considered. These findings underscore the necessity of an optimized selection of tree species for afforestation programs.
Language:
English
Keywords:
birch tree
,
drop size distribution
,
phenoseasons
,
rainfall
,
throughfall kinetic energy
,
urban environment
Work type:
Article
Typology:
1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:
FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
Publication status:
Published
Publication version:
Version of Record
Year:
2023
Number of pages:
13 str.
Numbering:
Vol. 85, art. 127971
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-148699
UDC:
502/504:556(497.4)
ISSN on article:
1618-8667
DOI:
10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127971
COBISS.SI-ID:
152988675
Publication date in RUL:
29.08.2023
Views:
438
Downloads:
69
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Record is a part of a journal
Title:
Urban Forestry and Urban Greening
Publisher:
Urban & Fisher Verlag GmbH & Co. KG
ISSN:
1618-8667
COBISS.SI-ID:
971430
Licences
License:
CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:
This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Secondary language
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
breza
,
porazdelitev kapljic
,
fenofaze
,
padavine
,
kinetična energija prepuščenih padavin
,
urbano okolje
,
hidrologija
Projects
Funder:
Other - Other funder or multiple funders
Funding programme:
CELSA
Project number:
Interception experimentation and modeling for enhanced impact analysis of nature-based solutions
Funder:
ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:
P2-0180
Name:
Vodarstvo in geotehnika: orodja in metode za analize in simulacije procesov ter razvoj tehnologij
Funder:
ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Funding programme:
Young researchers
Funder:
ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:
J6-4628
Name:
Vrednotenje hibridne infrastrukture za zmanjševanje ogroženosti pod vplivom podnebnih sprememb
Funder:
ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:
J2-4489
Name:
Vrednotenje vpliva prestrezanja padavin na erozijo tal
Funder:
ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:
N2-0313
Name:
Lokalni vplivi na površinski odtok
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