Probiotično delovanje in interakcije bakterije Bacillus subtilis s črevesno mikrobioto človeka in perutnine

Valcl, Tinkara Tanja (author), Mandić Mulec, Ines (mentor)

Z odkrivanjem novega znanja o mikrobnem svetu se vedno bolj kaže pomen črevesne mikrobiote na zdravje ljudi in živali. Perutninski sektor se zato vse bolj osredotoča na iskanje alternativnih načinov ohranjanja zdravja piščancev, ki bi nadomestili antibiotične režime. Probiotiki Bacillus subtilis so v zadnjih letih vse bolj priljubljeni in imajo kot alternativa antibiotičnim pospeševalcem rasti številne prednosti. Mehanizmi, kot so sporulacija, sistem za zaznavanje kvoruma in tvorba biofilmov, predstavljajo prednosti te bakterije kot probiotiki, saj ji omogočijo vitalnost v razmerah gastrointestinalnega trakta. Z manipulacijo mikrobne sestave v smeri spodbujanja rasti koristnih bakterij in inhibicije patogenov B. subtilis pripomore k vzdrževanju črevesne homeostaze. Z izločanjem metabolitov in efektorskih molekul omogoča modulacijo imunskega odziva ter regulira signalne poti, ki so ključne za dolgoživost gostitelja. Prisotnost spor B. subtilis prav tako izboljšuje encimsko aktivnost in povzroči histološke spremembe vilusov, ki omogočajo boljšo absorpcijo hranil. Več študij je dokazalo, da dodatek B. subtilis krmi izboljša rast perutnine in učinkovitost izrabe hranilnih komponent krme, kar se je pokazalo na povečani kakovosti mesa.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, črevesna mikrobiota, človek, perutnina, probiotiki, mehanizmi delovanja, zdravje, biofilm, gastrointestinalni trakt, inhibicija patogenov
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148590
• COBISS.SI-ID: 162566403
• Publication date in RUL: 27.08.2023

VALCL, Tinkara Tanja, 2023, Probiotično delovanje in interakcije bakterije Bacillus subtilis s črevesno mikrobioto človeka in perutnine [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 25 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=148590

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Probiotic activity and interactions of Bacillus subtilis with human and poultry gut microbiota

Abstract

As new knowledge about the microbial world is being discovered, the importance of the gut microbiota for human and animal health is becoming increasingly apparent. The poultry sector is therefore increasingly focusing on finding alternative ways of keeping chickens healthy to antibiotic regimes. Bacillus subtilis probiotics have become increasingly popular in recent years and have many advantages as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Mechanisms such as sporulation, quorum sensing and biofilm formation are advantages of this bacterium as a probiotic, as they allow it to be viable in the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. By manipulating the microbial composition to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit pathogens, B. subtilis helps to maintain intestinal homeostasis. It modulates the immune response by secreting matbolites and effector molecules and regulates signalling pathways that are crucial for host longevity. The presence of B. subtilis spores also improves enzymatic activity and induces histological changes in villi that allow better nutrient absorption. Several studies have shown that the addition of B. subtilis to feed improved poultry growth and the efficiency of utilisation of the nutritional components of the feed, which was reflected in increased meat quality.

• Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, gut microbiota, human, poultry, probiotics, mechanisms of action, health, biofilm, gastrointestinal tract, pathogen inhibition