Introduction: Spasticity is a form of hypertonia, of cerebral or spinal origin, characterised by involuntary, rate-dependent and excessively excitable tonic reflexes to stretch. It can occur in adults and children as a result of spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke or cerebral palsy. Surgical treatment of spasticity includes orthopaedic and neurosurgical procedures. The indication for surgical treatment is that all other methods of treating spasticity have failed. Individualised treatment and interdisciplinary cooperation are needed to select the most appropriate form of treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the importance of the work of the operating room nurse in the neurosurgical treatment of spasticity. Methods: The diploma thesis is based on a descriptive research method, which included a systematic review of literature in Slovenian and English databases. The databases used were Cochrane library, MedLine (PubMed), ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, COBISS and Google Scholar. The thesis includes 49 references. Results: The neurosurgical treatment of severe spasticity includes the implantation of a baclofen pump and selective dorsal rhizotomy. Each surgical procedure has its own specific characteristics, which the operating room nurse must be fully aware of and prepared for. Throughout the perioperative period, the focus of the operating room nurses work is on ensuring patient safety, based on correct patient positioning, aseptic technique and proper documentation. Discussion and conclusion: Neurosurgical treatment of spasticity has a lot of benefits for the patient, but there are also some risks. Surgical procedures require a great deal of technical knowledge, the operating room nurse needs to be adequately trained, continuously educated, keep abreast of advances in surgical technology, and implement this into practice to ensure quality nursing care during the surgical procedures. Effective work requires good communication in the course of interdisciplinary collaboration, with the operating room nurse acting as a connecting link.
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