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Polarizacija in širjenje vsebin na spletnih družbenih omrežjih pred slovenskimi volitvami v Evropski parlament 2019 : doktorska disertacija
ID Jesenšek, Luka (Author), ID Verčič, Dejan (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Kronegger, Luka (Comentor)

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Abstract
Spletna družbena omrežja so postala pomembna platforma za politično komuniciranje in širjenje novic, vendar pa z vidika komuniciranja ostajajo odprta vprašanja o naravi vse bolj globaliziranih in personaliziranih komunikacijskih omrežij. Sodobno mrežno javno sfero sestavlja množica razpršenih javnosti, ki se oblikujejo, povezujejo in razkrajajo glede na skupne interese njihovih članov. Optimistična pričakovanja, da bodo spletna družbena omrežja omogočila globalno demokratizacijo in oživila kritično javno razpravo, so zamenjala opozorila, da se državljani na spletu raje zapirajo v polarizirane skupnosti s podobnimi pogledi. Disertacija se vsebinsko in metodološko umešča na področje globalnih smernic preučevanja dogajanja na spletnih družbenih omrežjih. Spremembe komunikacijske krajine naslavljam v okviru uveljavljenih teorij odnosov z javnostmi, v empiričnem delu pa s pomočjo analize omrežij preučujem strukturo slovenske politične razprave na Twitterju pred volitvami v Evropski parlament, pri čemer se posvečam (1) pojavu odmevnih sob, (2) vzorcem širjenja medijskih vsebin ter (3) vlogi središčnih uporabnikov in politikov. Ugotavljam, da polarizacija močno zaznamuje pretok informacij v omrežju. Analiza retvitov, vzorci komuniciranja in analiza deljenih vsebin kažejo na obstoj jasno določenih, mnenjsko homogenih skupnosti. Uporabniki Twitterja bolj pogosto komunicirajo z osebami, s katerimi si delijo podobna prepričanja, bolj pogosto delijo vsebine, ki prihajajo iz njihovih skupnosti in bolj pogosto vključujejo povezave do vsebin, ki se skladajo z njihovimi pogledi. Medijske vsebine se pretežno razširjajo znotraj skupnosti uporabnikov in ne v celotnem omrežju, znotraj različnih skupnosti pa se razširjajo medijske vsebine iz različnih virov. Politiki imajo velik vpliv na širjenje vsebin znotraj svojih skupnosti, a niso med središčnimi uporabniki, ki bi spodbujali komunikacijo med različnimi deli omrežja. Poglobljena analiza politične razprave na Twitterju prispeva nove podatke o pretoku informacij v mrežni javni sferi, opisuje prisotnost globalnih komunikacijskih smernic v slovenskem okolju ter predlaga operativno definicijo odmevne sobe, ki jo je mogoče empirično ovrednotiti in tako med seboj primerjati različne spletne skupnosti.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:spletna družbena omrežja, Twitter, mrežna javna sfera, polarizacija, odmevne sobe, širjenje vsebin, središčni uporabniki, analiza socialnih omrežij
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Publisher:L. Jesenšek
Year:2023
Number of pages:351 str.
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-147414 This link opens in a new window
UDC:316.77.004.774.1(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:158334723 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:05.07.2023
Views:1254
Downloads:113
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Polarization and spreading of content on online social networks ahead of the 2019 European Parliament elections in Slovenia
Abstract:
Social media became an important platform for political communication and dissemination of news, however some key questions regarding the nature of increasingly globalized and personalized communication networks remain unanswered. Modern networked public sphere consists of multitude of dispersed publics that are being shaped, interconnected and dissolved according to shared interests of its members. Optimistic expectations about social media enabling global democratization and a revival of critical public deliberation have been replaced by warnings that citizens online tend to cluster into polarized communities of similar views. Topically and methodologically, dissertation follows global trends in the field of social media research. Transformation of modern communication environment is framed within strategic communication theory, while empirical part uses social network analysis to examine the structure of Slovenian political debate on Twitter in the run-up to the 2019 European election, focusing on (1) the phenomena of echo chambers, (2) content diffusion patterns, and (3) the role of central users and politicians. Data shows that political Twitter debate is highly affected by polarization: retweet network analysis, communication patterns and shared content analysis reveal the presence of clearly defined communities of similar views. Users tend to communicate with like-minded peers; retweet content originating from their own communities; and include URLs pointing to media outlets corresponding to their views. Media content is predominantly shared within communities and not across the entire network; while different media sources dominate within different communities. Politicians generally have a considerable influence over content diffusion within their communities; but are not facilitating communication across different parts of the network. In-depth analysis of political discussion on Twitter puts forward new findings about communication flows in networked public sphere, evaluates global communication trends within Slovenian context and proposes a definition of the echo chamber which can be empirically tested and used to compare different online communities.

Keywords:online social networks, social media, Twitter, networked public sphere, polarization, echo chambers, spread of content, central users, European elections, social network analysis

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