Uporabno znanje učencev razrednega pouka o orientaciji v času : magistrsko delo

Brezar Belcijan, Daša (author), Hergan, Irena (mentor), Skribe-Dimec, Darja (co-mentor)

Čas je pojem, ki nas spremlja od rojstva, vendar ga zelo težko razložimo. Z magistrskim delom želimo pedagogom pomagati pri boljšem razumevanju časovnih predstav učencev. Teoretični del magistrskega dela zajema ključna spoznanja o časovnih predstavah otrok in uporabnem znanju. Prav tako so zbrane vsebine učnih načrtov za družboslovje in naravoslovje Programa osnovne šole in Programa osnovne šole montessori, ki vključujejo orientacijo v času, predstavljena je pedagogika montessori in učila za orientacijo v času. V okviru empiričnega dela smo izvedli kvantitativno in kvalitativno raziskavo in s testom za preverjanje znanja zbrali odgovore 64 učencev od prvega do petega razreda dveh šol z različnima vzgojno-izobraževalnima programoma. V raziskavo smo vključili 32 učencev javne osnovne šole in 32 učencev, ki obiskujejo osnovno šolo, ki deluje po načelih pedagogike montessori. Zanimalo nas je uporabno znanje o orientaciji v času učencev, ki se šolajo v različnih programih, in razlike v orientaciji v času glede na starost učencev. Prav tako smo želeli raziskati, kako pogosto učenci uporabljajo časovne pripomočke in kako upravljajo s svojim časom. Ugotovili smo, da se pojavljajo razlike v orientaciji v času glede na starost učencev. Starejši učenci pravilneje odgovarjajo na vprašanja o orientaciji v času kot mlajši učenci. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da učenci, ki obiskujejo šolo s programom montessori, pravilneje odgovarjajo na več kot polovico vprašanj o orientaciji v času od vrstnikov, ki obiskujejo javno šolo. Analiza odgovorov je pokazala, da učenci, ki pogosteje uporabljajo uro, pravilneje odgovarjajo na vprašanje z uporabo ure. Podobno učenci, ki pogosto uporabljajo koledar, pravilnejše odgovarjajo na vprašanje o uporabi koledarja. Raziskava omogoča boljši vpogled v časovne predstave učencev in kako različni pristopi poučevanja vplivajo nanje, nadaljnje raziskave pa morajo ta dognanja potrditi na večjih vzorcih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: orientacija v času, časovne predstave, upravljanje s časom, učila montessori, uporabno znanje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: D. Brezar Belcijan
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 127 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-147168
• UDC: 373.3(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 156741891
• Publication date in RUL: 24.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Primary School Students' Applied Knowledge of Orientation in Time

Abstract

Time is a concept one is exposed to since birth, however explaining it is a difficult task. The older one gets, the better their comprehension of time is. This thesis aims to aid teachers with better understanding time perception of pupils. The theoretical part emcompasses key findings about students's perception of time and applied knowledge. It includes teaching plans for the subjects of Social science and Natural science that cover the topics of time orientation from a Public elementary school programme and a Montessori elementary school programme. Furthermore, the principles of Montessori approach are introduced and the teaching materials used for teaching time orientation are described. In the empirical part of this study a qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. Data was gathered with a questionnaire/test designed to measure time orientation in pupils. The study recruited 64 pupils from the 1st to the 5th grade of whom 32 pupils followed a Public elementary school programme and 32 students followed a Montessori elementary school programme. The goal of this research was to explore how the age and teaching programme affect the applied knowledge of time orientation among pupils. Moreover, the thesis investigated how often the pupils use tools for orientating in time and how they manage their own time. It was found that correct answers on the test were related to the age of the participants. The older students were better at answering time orientation questions than younger students. Additionally, the pupils from the Montessori programme answered to more than half of the questions more correctly, than their peers from a Public elementary school programme. Analysis indicated that the pupils who used a watch often, were better at answering questions using a watch where they had to utilise it. Similarly, pupils who reported to use a calendar more often, tended to answer correctly on the question requiring the use of a calendar. This study deepens the understanding of time perception and orientation of primary school students and how different approaches in teaching it can lead to different outcomes. Nevertheless, future studies should confirm these findings on a larger sample for a more generalised conclustions to be drawn/to allow for more definite conclusions.

• Keywords: orientation in time, time perception, time management, montessori materials, applied knowledge