Primerjava hidroponskega in talnega gojenja bazilike (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Vrhovec, Tisa (author), Kacjan Maršić, Nina (mentor)

V raziskavi, ki je potekala v plastenjaku Biotehniške fakultete UL med majem in septembrom 2017, smo ugotavljali primernost hidroponskega sistema za pridelavo bazilike. Hidroponski sistem so predstavljale plošče kamene volne, kjer smo rastline namakali s hranilno raztopino. V poskus je bilo vključenih pet sort, tri sorte drobnolistne bazilike, 'Piccolino', 'Grüne Kugel', 'Greek Ball' ter dve sorti velikolistne bazilike, 'Genovese' in 'Genovese rdeča'. Poskus je potekal v treh ponovitvah, v vsaki ponovitvi je bilo 20 rastlin. Septembra smo rastline pobrali in izmerili višino cele rastline in nadzemnega dela, dolžino korenin, velikost listov, prešteli število listov, stebel in internodijev na steblo ter stehtali svežo biomaso. Pri višini rastlin drobnolistne bazilike, pridelane na kameni volni, izstopa sorta 'Grüne Kugel' (15 %), ravno obratno se kaže pri sorti 'Genovese', pridelano v tleh, ki je večja za 20 %. Korenine rastlin drobnolistne bazilike, pridelane na hidroponskem sistemu, so bile 30 % daljše od rastlin, pridelanih v tleh. Korenine rastlin sorte 'Genovese rdeča', so bile 22 % daljše glede na pridelavo v tleh. Višina nadzemnega dela je bila pri pridelavi v tleh pri rastlinah drobnolistne bazilike 22-30 %, pri sortah velikolistne pa 40-50 % večja glede na pridelavo v hidroponskem sistemu. Rastlinska biomasa je bila pri pridelavi v tleh pri sortah velikolistne bazilike 65-100 % in pri sortah drobnolistne bazilike 10-20 % večja glede na pridelavo na hidroponskem sistemu. Pri sortah drobnolistne bazilike so imele rastline, pridelane na hidroponskem sistemu, večje liste glede na rastline, pridelane v tleh. Število listov je bilo le pri rastlinah sorte 'Grüne Kugel' 75 % večje pri pridelavi v tleh, pri rastlinah sorte 'Greek Ball' pa 45 % večje na hidroponskem sistemu. Pridelki vseh sort so bili pri pridelavi v tleh večji glede na pridelavo na hidroponskem sistemu. Med sortami drobnolistne bazilike je imela največji pridelek sorta 'Grüne Kugel', 32 t/ha, pri sortah velikolistne bazilike pa sorta 'Genovese', 36 t/ha.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: bazilika, rastlinjak, hidroponika, primerjava, talno gojenje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-147082
• COBISS.SI-ID: 157145859
• Publication date in RUL: 23.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison between hydroponic and ground cultivation of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Abstract

In this study, which took place between May and September 2017 in the greenhouse of the Biotechnical Faculty UL, the suitability of the hydroponic system for growing basil was evaluated. The hydroponic system consisted of rockwool slabs in which plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution. Five basil cultivars were included in the experiment, three of them belong to the small-leaf basil type, 'Piccolino', 'Grüne Kugel', 'Greek Ball', and two cultivars belong to the large-leaf basil type, 'Genovese' and 'Genovese red'. The experiment was conducted in three replicates with 20 plants in each replicate. Plants were harvested in September. The height including aboveground part of plant, the length of the roots and the size of the leaves were measured, the number of leaves, stems and internodes per stem were counted and the fresh biomass was weighed. The height of cultivar ‘Grüne Kugel’ grown in hydroponic system was higher for 15 %, cultivar 'Genovese' grown in soil was higher for 20 %. Roots of small-leaf basil plants grown in a hydroponic system were 30 % longer than those of plants grown in soil. The roots of plants of the cultivar 'Genovese red' were 22 % longer compared to those grown in soil. The height of the above-ground part was 22-30 % higher in small-leaved basil plants grown in soil and 40-50 % higher in large-leaved cultivars compared to those grown in a hydroponic system. Plant biomass was 65-100 % higher for large-leaf basil cultivars grown in the soil and 10-20 % higher for small-leaf basil cultivars than when grown in a hydroponic system. In small-leaf basil varieties, hydroponically grown plants had larger leaves compared to the soil-grown plants. The number of leaves was 75 % higher in the plants of the cultivar 'Grüne Kugel' in the soil cultivation system and 45 % higher in the plants of the cultivar 'Greek Ball' in the hydroponic system. Yields of all cultivars were higher when grown in soil than those grown in a hydroponic system. Among the small-leaf basil cultivars, the highest yield was observed in the cultivar 'Grüne Kugel' with 32 t/ha and among the large-leaf basil cultivars, in the cultivar 'Genovese' with 36 t/ha.

• Keywords: basil, greenhouse, hydroponics, comparison, soil cultivation