Proces sprejemanja pri starših otrok s posebnimi potrebami : magistrsko delo

Koprivšek, Manca (author), Jerman, Janez (mentor)

Proces sprejemanja otroka s posebnimi potrebami je dolgotrajen in čustven proces, preko katerega gredo starši otrok s posebnimi potrebami. Proces je sestavljen iz več faz prilagajanja na življenje z otrokom. Za sprejemanje nekateri starši potrebujejo več časa kot drugi. Vsak starš ima individualno pot, med starši so prisotne razlike. Vsem pa je skupno, da morajo čez sam proces, da lahko sprejmejo svojega otroka. V Sloveniji otroci s posebnimi potrebami pridobijo odločbo o usmeritvi, ki se izda na podlagi strokovnega mnenja komisije za usmerjanje. Na podlagi kriterijev otroke s posebnimi potrebami razvrstimo med otroke z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, slepe in slabovidne otroke, gluhe in naglušne otroke, otroke z govorno-jezikovnimi motnjami, gibalno ovirane otroke, dolgotrajno bolne otroke, otroke s primanjkljaji na posameznih področjih učenja, otroke z avtističnimi motnjami in otroke s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami. Glavni cilj magistrskega dela je bil preučiti, kako poteka proces sprejemanja pri starših otrok s posebnimi potrebami. V okviru empiričnega dela smo raziskali vpliv vrste posebnih potreb na intenziteto čustev staršev, vpliv časa, kdaj so bile potrjene posebne potrebe, na čustva pri starših, vpliv oddaljenosti od potrditve posebnih potreb na čustva staršev in vpliv spola oz. vloge starša – mati, oče na intenziteto čustev. Uporabili smo deskriptivno in kavzalno neeksperimentalno metodo raziskovanja in kvantitativni raziskovalni pristop. Anketni vprašalnik je izpolnilo 175 staršev, ki imajo otroka s posebnimi potrebami. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da na intenziteto čustev pri starših le v nekaterih primerih vpliva vrsta posebnih potreb, ki jo ima otrok. Največ razlik se pojavlja med starši otrok s primanjkljaji na posameznih področjih učenja in starši otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da čas, kdaj so bile potrjene posebne potrebe pri otroku (pred 3. letom oz. po 3. letu), le delno vpliva na intenziteto čustev in občutij, ki jih doživljajo starši. Starši, ki so za posebne potrebe izvedeli v času nosečnosti, ob rojstvu ali v prvem letu, ne doživljajo intenzivneje čustev kot starši, ki so za posebne potrebe izvedeli kasneje. Podatki kažejo, da le v nekaterih primerih matere v primerjavi z očeti doživljajo intenzivnejša čustva. Rezultati so pokazali, da med starši, ki so za posebne potrebe izvedeli pred manj kot dvema letoma, in starši, ki so za posebne potrebe izvedeli več kot dve leti nazaj, ni prisotnih razlik pri intenzivnosti čustev in občutij. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se danes med materami in očeti, ki vedo za otrokov primanjkljaj vsaj dve leti ali več, in materami ter očeti, ki so za posebne potrebe otroka izvedeli v zadnjih dveh letih, prisotne razlike v intenzivnosti doživljanja čustev le v nekaterih primerih. Raziskava je pokazala, da med očetom in materjo skupnega otroka ni razlik pri doživljanju čustev, saj mati v primerjavi z očetom skupnega otroka ne doživlja intenzivnejših čustev. Ugotovitve magistrskega dela poglabljajo razumevanje procesa sprejemanja pri starših otrok s posebnimi potrebami ter prispevajo k razmisleku o morebitnih spremembah na področju sistemske podpore staršem in načinu podajanja informacij, ki jim jih podajajo strokovnjaki.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: otroci s posebnimi potrebami, družina, proces sprejemanja, soočanje staršev, odzivi staršev
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Kropivšek]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XIII, 119 str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-147061
• UDC: 159.922.76(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 156649731
• Publication date in RUL: 22.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Acceptance Process of Parents of Children with Special Needs

Abstract

The process of accepting a child with special needs is a long and emotional process that parents go through. The process consists of several stages of adaptation to life with the child. Some parents require more time for acceptance than others. Each parent has an individual path, there are notable differences between them. What they all have in common is that they have to go through the process. In Slovenia, children with special needs obtain a placement decision, which is issued based on the expert opinion of the Placement Commission. Based on the criteria, children with special needs are classified as children with intellectual disabilities, blind and visually impaired children, deaf and hearing – impaired children, children with speech and language impaired, physically impaired children, children with long-term disease, children with learning deficits, children with autistic disorders and children with emotional and behavioral disorders. The main goal of this master's work was to study how the acceptance process of parents of children with special needs takes place. As part of the empirical work, we investigated the influence of the type of special needs on parental emotional intensity, the influence of the time when special needs were confirmed on the parents' emotions, the influence of the distance from the confirmation of special needs on the parents' emotions, and the influence of gender or the role of the parent – mother, father, on the intensity of emotions. We used a descriptive and causal non-experimental research method and a quantitative research approach. The questionnaire was completed by 175 parents who have a child with special needs. The results of the research showed that the intensity of parents' emotions is only in some cases influenced by the type of special needs the child has. The most differences occur between parents of children with learning deficits and parents of children with intellectual disabilities. It was established that the time when the child's special needs were confirmed (before the age of 3 or after the age of 3) only partially affects the intensity of the emotions and feelings experienced by the parents. Parents who learned about special needs during pregnancy, at birth or in the first year did not experience more intense emotions than parents who learned about special needs later. The data show that only in some cases mothers experience more intense emotions compared to fathers. The results showed that there are no differences in the intensity of emotions and feelings between parents who learned about special needs less than two years ago and parents who learned about special needs more than two years ago. It was found that today, between mothers and fathers who have known about their child's deficit for at least two years or more and mothers and fathers who learned about their child's special needs in the last two years, there are differences in the intensity of experiencing emotions only in some cases. The research showed that there are no differences in the experience of emotions between the father and the mother of a common child, as the mother does not experience more intense emotions compared to the father. The findings of the master's thesis deepen the understanding of the process of acceptance by parents of children with special needs and contribute to thinking about possible changes in the field of systemic support for parents and the way in which information is provided by experts to parents.

• Keywords: children with special needs, family, acceptance process, parents' confrontation, parents' reactions