Psihosocialni učinki kineziološke vodene vadbe za bolnice z rakom dojk : magistrsko delo

Jevšnikar, Barbara (author), Cecić Erpič, Saša (mentor)

Rak dojk je znotraj ženske populacije v Sloveniji najpogostejši rak, saj je vsak peti nov primer raka pri ženskah rak dojk ("Rak dojk", 2021). Zdravljenje raka je fizično in psihično zelo naporno (Dollinger idr., 1995). Bolezen vedno prizadene človeka kot celoto, zato gre pri rehabilitaciji za dinamičen in multidisciplinaren proces (Borštnar idr., 2006). Pomemben del celostne rehabilitacije je zdrav življenjski slog, katerega del je tudi telesna aktivnost, ki pomaga nadzorovati zdravo telesno težo in izboljša kakovost življenja (Ruiz-Vozmediano, 2020). Trenutno je vadba priznana kot ključni element pri rehabilitaciji bolnic z rakom za zmanjšanje negativnih učinkov zdravljenja, izboljšanje kakovosti življenja in izboljšanje telesnega ter duševnega zdravja (Ten Tusscher idr., 2019). Razumevanje blagodejnega vpliva telesne dejavnosti na stranske učinke zdravljenja in na fizično ter psihosocialno zdravje bolnic z rakom dojk med rehabilitacijo in po zaključenem zdravljenju je pomembno za njihovo celostno obravnavo. V okviru magistrske naloge smo želeli preveriti stališča bolnic z rakom dojk in zdravstvenih delavcev, vključenih v proces zdravljenja raka dojk, do vodene kineziološke vadbe, vključene v osnovno zdravljenje bolnic z rakom dojk. Uporabili smo kvalitativno raziskovalno metodo in za potrebe naloge razvili dva polstrukturirana intervjuja, namenjena bolnicam z rakom dojk in zdravstvenim delavcem, vključenim v proces zdravljenja raka dojk. Stališča so bila obojestransko zelo pozitivna z zavedanjem pomembnosti pravilne, tarčne in varne telesne dejavnosti za izboljšanje kvalitete življenja bolnic. Telesna aktivnost je bolnicam predstavljala zelo pomemben del življenja. Pomagala jim je blažiti mnoge stranske učinke terapije, kot so utrujenost, zmanjšana mišična moč in aerobna funkcija ter nespečnost. Vzbujala jim je pozitivna čustva, kot so sreča, veselje, zadovoljstvo in ponos. Na vodeni vadbi so spoznale bolnice s podobno zgodbo, ki so jim nudili socialo oporo in z njimi delile nasvete. V Sloveniji je takšna praksa le redko prisotna. Bolnice ob podani diagnozi in skozi proces rehabilitacije ne dobijo konkretnih informacij o gibanju in telesni aktivnosti med zdravljenjem, ki bi jim lahko izboljšala kvaliteto življenja. Vključitev kinezioterapije v osnovno zdravljenje in celostno rehabilitacijo bolnic z rakom dojk je v procesu zdravljenja raka fundamentalno, saj zdravljenje raka ni le zdravljenje tumorja, ampak vključuje veliko več. Vključuje tudi osebo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: rak dojk, kinezioterapija, duševno zdravje, vadba
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-146824
• COBISS.SI-ID: 160552195
• Publication date in RUL: 14.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Psychosocial effects of kinesiology-guided exercise for breast cancer patients

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in the female population in Slovenia, with one in five new cases of cancer in women being breast cancer ("Breast cancer", 2021). Cancer treatment is physically and psychologically very demanding (Dollinger et. al., 1995). The disease always affects the person as a whole, so rehabilitation needs to be a dynamic and multidisciplinary process (Borštnar et. al., 2006). An important part of holistic rehabilitation is a healthy lifestyle, of which physical activity is an important part. It helps to control a healthy weight and improves quality of life (Ruiz-Vozmediano, 2020). Currently, exercise is recognised as a key element in the rehabilitation of cancer patients to reduce the negative effects of treatment and improve quality of life, improving physical and mental health (Ten Tusscher et. al., 2019). Understanding the beneficial impact of physical activity on the side effects of cancer treatment is important for a holistic management of the process. Physical activity can ease the side effects of treatment and can be beneficial to the physical and psychosocial health of breast cancer patients during rehabilitation and after treatment. The aim of this thesis was to examine the attitudes of breast cancer patients and health professionals involved in breast cancer treatment that includes kinesiotherapy as a primary element. We used a qualitative research method and developed two semi-structured interviews for the purpose of the thesis, targeting breast cancer patients and health professionals involved in breast cancer treatment. The views were mutually very positive, with an awareness of the importance of correct, targeted, and safe physical activity to improve the quality of life of patients. Physical activity was a very important part of life for the patients. It helped them to mitigate many of the side effects of therapy, such as fatigue, reduced muscle strength, reduced aerobic function and insomnia. It gave them positive emotions, such as happiness, joy, satisfaction, and pride. Through the guided exercise, they met other patients with similar stories, who provided social support and shared advice with them. This practice is rare in Slovenia. Therefore, when patients are diagnosed and during the rehabilitation process, they do not receive concrete information on exercise and physical activity during treatment that could improve their quality of life. The inclusion of kinesiotherapy in the basic treatment and overall rehabilitation of breast cancer patients is fundamental in the cancer treatment process because cancer treatment is not just about treating the tumour, it involves much more. It also involves the person.

• Keywords: breast cancer, kinesiotherapy, mental health, exercise