Igra in socialno interakcijske spretnosti otrok in mladostnikov s Prader-Willi sindromom : diplomsko delo

Grdadolnik, Karin (author), Šuc, Lea (mentor), Gričar, Nevenka (reviewer)

Uvod: Sindrom Prader-Willi je kompleksna, zelo redka, sporadična genetska motnja, katere osnovni simptomi so hipotonost, hiperfagija, praskanje kože, rigidnost, anksioznost, obsesivno-kompulzivno vedenje in izraziti primanjkljaji v socialno interakcijskih spretnostih. Otroci in mladostniki s Prader-Willi sindromom se v vsakdanjem življenju srečujejo z mnogo izzivi s področja človekovega delovanja, ki so domena delovnega terapevta. Med drugim tudi na področju igre in socialne udeležbe. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti značilnosti igre otrok s sindromom Prader-Willi, raziskati katere vrste igre so del njihove dnevne rutine in kakšne so njihove socialno interakcijske spretnosti z vidika staršev. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja. Kot merski instrument smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 10 staršev otrok in mladostnikov s Prader-Willi sindromom, starih od 2 do 18 let. Pridobljene podatke smo obdelali in analizirali ter jih prikazali z grafi in v tabelah. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je igra pri 60 % sodelujočih prisotna vsak dan in da se v dnevni rutini otrok pojavijo vse vrste igre. Največ se jih vsak dan igra z vrstniki/prijatelji. Najpogostejša oblika komunikacije med sodelujočimi je govorjenje s posameznimi besedami in počasno govorjenje v stavkih. Tekoče jih govori 30 %. Vsi razen enega otroka razumejo besede in fraze v pogovoru dobesedno. Med pogovorom z njimi poznano osebo se očesnemu stiku izogiba 50 % sodelujočih, ob spoznavanju z novimi ljudmi pa 70 %. Razprava in zaključek: Igra je glavna okupacija otrok in prevladujoč kontekst pridobivanja novega znanja in izkušenj, med drugim tudi s področja socialne interakcije. Otroci s posebnimi potrebami so za take izkušnje večkrat prikrajšani. Med njimi so tudi otroci in mladostniki s Prader-Willi sindromom, saj se tudi oni v družbi težje znajdejo. Delovni terapevti lahko s svojim znanjem med obravnavo otrokom in njihovim družinam pomagajo pri izboljšanju njihovih igralnih vzorcev in socialnih spretnostih, družbenem vključevanju ter družbeni participaciji.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, Prader-Willi sindrom, vrste igre, komunikacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Grdadolnik]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 38 str., [7] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-146746
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 155289859
• Publication date in RUL: 10.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Play and social interaction skills of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex, very rare, sporadic genetic disorder whit core symptoms: hypotonia, hyperphagia, skin scratching, rigidity, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, and marked deficits in social interaction skills. Children and adolescents with PWS face many challenges in their daily lives in the areas of human functioning that are the domain of the occupational therapist, including play and social participation. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to present the play characteristics of children with Prader-Willi syndrome, to investigate which types of play are part of their daily routine and what are their social interaction skills from the parent's perspective. Methods: The thesis is based on the quantitative research method. We used a questionnaire as a measurement instrument. In the study participated ten parents of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome age between 2 and 18 years. The data were analysed and presented in graphs and tabels. Results: The results show that play is present every day for 60% of the participants and that all types of play occur in the children's daily routine, with functional play predominating. Most of them play with peers/friends every day. The most common form of communication is speaking in single words and speaking slowly in sentences. 30% are fluent. All but one child understands the words and phrases in the conversation literally. Half of participants avoid eye contact when talking to someone they know, and 70% when meeting new people. Discussion and conclusion: Play is the main occupation of children and one of the contexts for acquiring new knowledge and experiences, including the skills in the field of social interaction. Children with special needs are often deprived of such experiences. This includes children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome, who also find it hard to integrate and connect in society. Occupational therapists can use their expertise and knowledge to help children and their families improve their play patterns and social skills, social inclusion and social participation.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, Prader-Willi syndrome, types of play, communication