Učinki stabilizacijskih vaj na simptome in funkcijo oseb z nestabilnostjo ledvenega dela hrbtenice - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Globočnik, Tina (author), Jakovljević, Miroljub (mentor), Petrič, Maja (comentor), Hlebš, Sonja (reviewer)

Uvod: Bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta občuti velik delež odraslih po svetu. Vpliva na vsakdanje življenjske aktivnosti ljudi in njihovo počutje. Ena od podskupin bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta je tudi klinična nestabilnost ledvenega dela hrbtenice, ki lahko vodi v težave pri funkcijskih sposobnostih nadzora motorike in do veliko drugih težav. Za vzdrževanje stabilnosti ledvenega dela so odgovorni pasivni, aktivni in nadzorni podsistemi. Ko govorimo o zdravi hrbtenici, ti trije podsistemi medsebojno delujejo in omogočajo normalno gibanje brez bolečin. Kadar pa ima oseba šibke mišice trupa, se pri njej lahko pojavi segmentna nestabilnost hrbtenice in bolečina v hrbtu. V zadnjem obdobju se za namen zdravljenja in preprečevanja bolečin v spodnjem delu hrbta vse pogosteje uporabljajo tudi stabilizacijske vaje. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pomočjo pregleda literature ugotoviti, kako stabilizacijske vaje učinkujejo na simptome in funkcijo oseb z nestabilnostjo ledvenega dela hrbtenice. Metode dela: Pregled literature je bil opravljen v elektronski podatkovni zbirki PubMed. Uporabljena je bila kombinacija ključnih besed: »exercise AND low back instability OR lumbar instability«. Vključene so bile raziskave v angleškem jeziku, ki so ustrezale vključitvenim merilom. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih šest raziskav, ki so vključevale primerjalno in poskusno skupino preiskovancev, rezultati pa so bili primerjani med skupinama. Raziskave so imele različne vadbene programe in različno dolga obdobja trajanja programov. Do zmanjšanja telesne disfunkcije in bolečine je prišlo v obeh skupinah, vendar v primerjalni skupini rezultati niso bili statistično značilni v vseh raziskavah, medtem ko so v poskusni skupini dosegli statistično značilno izboljšanje pri večini raziskav. Med skupinama je pri ocenjevanju intenzivnosti bolečine do statistično značilne razlike v rezultatih prišlo v štirih raziskavah, medtem ko je pri ocenjevanju zmanjšanja telesne disfunkcije do statistično značilne razlike v rezultatih prišlo v petih raziskavah. Razprava in zaključek: Stabilizacijske vaje kot samostojna vadba ali v kombinaciji z drugo obliko vadbe imajo takojšen učinek na zmanjšanje bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta in na telesno disfunkcijo. Potrebne bi bile še dodatne raziskave o dolgoročnem učinku stabilizacijskih vaj na zmanjšanje telesne disfunkcije in bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, nestabilnost ledvenega dela hrbtenice, bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta, stabilizacijske vaje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Globočnik]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 19, [13] str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-146496
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 154414595
• Publication date in RUL: 03.06.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of stabilization exercises on symptoms and function in patients with lumbar instability - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Numerous adults worldwide suffer from low back pain. This affects their daily activities and well-being. One of the subsets of low back pain is clinical instability in the lumbar spine, which leads to problems in functional motor control and many other problems. Several subsystems are involved in maintaining stability in the lumbar spine: the passive subsystem, active subsystem and the neural subsystem. In a healthy spine, these three subsystems work together to allow normal, pain-free movement. When people have weak trunk muscles, segmental instability of the spine and back pain can result. Recently, stabilization exercises have been increasingly used in the treatment and prevention of low back pain. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to review the literature to determine how stabilization exercises affect the symptoms and function in people with lumbar spine instability. Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database. The search terms used were: »exercise AND low back instability OR lumbar instability«. English language studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Results: The literature search included six studies, with a control and an experimental group of subjects. Results were compared between the two groups. The studies had different training programs and durations of the programs. There was a decrease in physical dysfunction and pain in both groups, but the results in the control group were not statistically significant, while in the experimental group there was a statistically significant improvement in most studies. When comparing the experimental and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the assessment of pain intensity in four studies and in the assessment of the decrease in physical dysfunction in five studies. Discussion and conclusion: Stabilisation exercise alone or in combination with other exercise, have an immediate effect on reducing low back pain and physical dysfunction. Further research on the long-term effects of stabilisation exercises on physical dysfunction and low back pain would be needed.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, lumbar instability, low back pain, stabilisation exercises