Vpliv telesne dejavnosti na preprečevanje gestacijskega diabetesa pri nosečnicah s prekomerno telesno težo ali debelostjo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Pivek, Tamara (author), Šćepanović, Darija (mentor), Hlebš, Sonja (reviewer)

Uvod: Debelost in prekomerna telesna teža mater postajata vse večji problem javnega zdravja. Dosegata razsežnosti epidemije. Eden izmed številnih njunih zapletov je gestacijski diabetes, ki je opredeljen kot intoleranca za glukozo z nastopom ali prvim prepoznavanjem med nosečnostjo. Predstavlja zdravstveno tveganje tako za mater kot za otroka. Je najpogosteje predhodnik sladkorne bolezni tipa 2, ki je najpogostejša oblika sladkorne bolezni. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na osnovi pregleda literature ugotoviti vpliv telesne dejavnosti na preprečevanje gestacijskega diabetesa pri nosečnicah s prekomerno telesno težo in debelostjo. Metode dela: Opravljen je bil pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature. Literatura je bila iskana v časovnem obdobju od marca 2022 do avgusta 2022 v tujih podatkovnih bazah v angleškem jeziku. Ključne besede, ki so bile uporabljene v iskanju, so telesna dejavnost IN gestacijski diabetes IN preventiva IN debele nosečnice IN nosečnice s prekomerno telesno težo. Rezultati: Med iskanjem literature je bilo najdenih 130 raziskav. Po izključitvenih kriterijih smo v diplomsko delo vključili 8 raziskav, objavljenih med letoma 2012 in 2022. Rezultati kažejo, da je s telesno dejavnostjo mogoče preprečiti nastanek gestacijskega diabetesa pri nosečnicah, ki spadajo v rizično skupino zaradi dejavnika tveganja prekomerne telesne teže ali debelosti. Ugotovili smo, da je mogoče to doseči tudi s prehransko intervencijo v kombinaciji s telesno dejavnostjo. Preiskovanke intervencijskih skupin so imele prav tako bistveno manjše gestacijsko povečanje telesne teže v primerjavi s tistimi v kontrolnih skupinah. Razprava in zaključek: Pojavnost gestacijskega diabetesa, debelosti in prekomerne telesne teže se z leti povečuje. Ker učinek telesne dejavnosti v povezavi s temi stanji ni dovolj razjasnjen, je potrebnih veliko raziskav na to temo, predvsem kjer je edina intervencija telesna dejavnost. Omeniti je treba tudi pomembnost preventive, da bi ženske že v rodnem obdobju pridobile znanje, kako lahko zapleti v nosečnosti vplivajo na mater in dojenčka.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, gestacijska telesna teža, glukoza, gestacijski diabetes, debelost, prekomerna telesa teža
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Pivek]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 27 str., [1] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-145207
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 149232387
• Publication date in RUL: 13.04.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of physical activity on prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight or obese pregnant women : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal obesity and overweight is becoming a growing public health problem. It is reaching epidemic proportions. One of its many complications is gestational diabetes mellitus. This is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. It poses a health risk to both mother and child. It is most often a precursor to type 2 diabetes, which is the most common form of diabetes. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis was to determine the impact of physical activity on the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese pregnant women based on a review of the literature. Methods: A review of professional and scientific literature was carried out. The literature was searched in the period from March 2022 to August 2022 in foreign databases in the English language. The keywords used in the search were physical activity AND gestational diabetes mellitus AND prevention AND obese pregnant women AND overweight pregnant women. Results: A total of 130 studies were found during the literature search. According to the exclusion criteria, we included 8 studies in the thesis, published between 2012 and 2022. The results show that physical activity can prevent the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who belong to the risk group due to the risk factor of overweight or obesity. We have come to the conclusion that this can also be achieved with a nutritional intervention combined with physical activity. Subjects in the intervention groups also had a significantly lower gestational weight gain compared to those in the control groups. Discussion and conclusion: The incidence of gestational diabetes, obesity and overweight has been increasing over the years. However, since the effect of physical activity in connection with these conditions has not been sufficiently clarified, there is a lot of research needed on this topic, especially where the only intervention is physical activity. It is also necessary to mention the importance of prevention, so that women could already in the childbearing period acquire knowledge about how complications in pregnancy can affect the mother and the baby.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, gestational weight, glucose, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, overweight