Ustvarjalne aktivnosti v delovnoterapevtski obravnavi starejših oseb v domu starejših občanov : diplomsko delo

Jug, Patricija (author), Oven, Alenka (mentor), Bratun, Urša (reviewer)

Uvod: S starostjo upadajo psihofizičnih sposobnosti in se pojavijo različne bolezni, zaradi česar starejše osebe lahko opuščajo aktivnosti in vloge ter postajajo vse bolj odvisne od tuje pomoči. Posledično se nekatere odločijo za preselitev v dom starejših občanov. Delovni terapevti starejše osebe vključujejo v smiselne aktivnosti, s katerimi jim omogočajo dobro počutje, zadovoljstvo, boljše izvajanje okupacij in višjo kakovost življenja. V obravnave vključujejo tudi ustvarjalne aktivnosti, kot so likovne, glasbene, plesne, gledališke. Namen: Raziskati uporabo ustvarjalnih aktivnosti pri obravnavi starejših oseb med slovenski delovni terapevti, zaposlenimi v domovih starejših. Metode dela: V kvantitativni raziskavi je bil uporabljen anketni vprašalnik, na katerega je odgovorilo od 87 do 58 delovnih terapevtov, zaposlenih v domovih starejših oseb po Sloveniji. Za preverjanje hipotez smo uporabili binominalni test, Wilcoxon test za odvisna vzorca ter t-test za en vzorec. Rezultati: Več kot polovica (57 %) anketirancev večkrat mesečno v obravnavi starejših oseb uporablja glasbene aktivnosti in skoraj polovica (47 %) likovne aktivnosti. Večina anketirancev (57 %) nekajkrat letno uporablja gledališke aktivnosti in nekaj manj kot polovica (44 %) plesne aktivnosti. Večina anketirancev (60 %) nikoli ne uporablja aktivnosti z lutko. V skupinski obliki najpogosteje uporabljajo plesne (97 %) in glasbene aktivnosti (95 %). Ustvarjalno pisanje najpogosteje uporabljajo v individualni obliki (52 %). Anketiranci se v večini strinjajo, da imajo ustvarjalne aktivnosti pozitivne učinke na uporabnike, največji odstotek strinjanja govori o tem, da jim omogočajo socialne stike in druženje (61 %). V povprečju se anketiranci najbolj strinjajo, da imajo dovolj znanja s področja likovnih in plesnih aktivnosti, največ dodatnega znanja potrebujejo s področja aktivnosti z lutko. Razprava in zaključek: Delovni terapevt mora biti pri svojem delu pozoren, da izbere ustrezno ustvarjalno aktivnost za določeno starejšo osebo, glede na njene sposobnosti in interes. Z vključenostjo v ustvarjalne aktivnosti se pri starejših osebah ohranjajo spretnosti, izboljša se samopodoba, poveča zadovoljstvo in dobro počutje ter s tem tudi kakovost življenja. V prihodnje so potrebna nadaljnja raziskovanja na področju uporabe ustvarjalnih aktivnosti v delovni terapiji in dodatna izobraževanja delovnih terapevtov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, osebe nad 65 let, institucionalno varstvo, ustvarjalnost, okupacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [P. Jug]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 34 str., [6] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-145105
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 147973123
• Publication date in RUL: 06.04.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Creative activities in occupational therapy for older adults in a nursing home : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: With aging, the psychophysical abilities decline, and due to various illnesses, older individuals may abandon activities and roles, becoming increasingly dependent on the help of others. As a result, some decide to move to nursing homes. Occupational therapists engage older adults in meaningful activities that promote well-being, satisfaction, and a higher quality of life. Treatments also include creative activities such as arts, music, dance, and theater. Purpose: Investigate the use of creative activities in the treatment of older adults among Slovenian occupational therapists employed in nursing homes. Work methods: A questionnaire was used in the quantitative research, which was answered by 87 to 58 occupational therapists employed in nursing homes in Slovenia. To test the hypotheses, we used the binomial test, Wilcoxon test for dependent samples, and the t-test for one sample. Results: More than half (57%) of the respondents use musical activities in their treatment of older adults several times a month, while almost half (47%) use artistic activities. Most respondents (57%) use theatrical activities a few times a year and slightly less than half (44%) use dance activities. The majority of respondents (60%) never use doll activities. In group form the most commonly used activities are dance (97%) and music (95%). Creative writing is most often used in individual form (52%). Most respondents agree that creative activities have positive effects on users, the largest percentage of agreement speaks of the fact that they enable them better social contacts and socializing (61%). On average, the respondents mostly agree that they have enough knowledge in the areas of art and dance activities, while they need the most additional knowledge from the field of doll activities. Discussion and conclusion: Occupational therapists should be attentive when selecting appropriate creative activities for older adults based on their abilities and interests. With involvement in creative activities, older adults maintain their skills, improve their self-esteem, increase their satisfaction and well-being, and thus also their quality of life. In the future, further research is needed in the field of the use of creative activities in occupational therapy and additional training of occupational therapists.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, individuals aged 65 and older, institutional care, creativity, occupation