Small cellular particles from European spruce needle homogenate

Jeran, Marko (author), Romolo, Anna (author), Spasovski, Vesna (author), Hočevar, Matej (author), Novak, Urban (author), Štukelj, Roman (author), Šuštar, Vid (author), Kisovec, Matic (author), Bedina Zavec, Apolonija (author), Kogej, Ksenija (author), Iglič, Aleš (author), Trebše, Polonca (author), Kralj-Iglič, Veronika (author)

Small cellular particles (SCPs) are being considered for their role in cell-to-cell communication. We harvested and characterized SCPs from spruce needle homogenate. SCPs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. They were imaged by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cryogenic transmission electron microscope (cryo TEM), assessed for their number density and hydrodynamic diameter by interferometric light microscopy (ILM) and flow cytometry (FCM), total phenolic content (TPC) by UV-vis spectroscopy, and terpene content by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The supernatant after ultracentrifugation at 50,000× g contained bilayer-enclosed vesicles whereas in the isolate we observed small particles of other types and only a few vesicles. The number density of cell-sized particles (CSPs) (larger than 2 μm) and meso-sized particles (MSPs) (cca 400 nm–2 µm) was about four orders of magnitude lower than the number density of SCPs (sized below 500 nm). The average hydrodynamic diameter of SCPs measured in 10,029 SCPs was 161 ± 133 nm. TCP decreased considerably due to 5-day aging. Volatile terpenoid content was found in the pellet after 300× g. The above results indicate that spruce needle homogenate is a source of vesicles to be explored for potential delivery use.

• Language: English
• Keywords: Picea abies, spruce needles, extracellular particles, extracellular vesicles, small cellular particles, interferometric light microscopy, exosomes, cell-to-cell communication, drug delivery
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences; FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering; FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Publication date: 22.02.2023
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 16 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 24, no. 5, art. 4349
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144465
• UDC: 577:615.3
• ISSN on article: 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054349
• COBISS.SI-ID: 142622467
• Publication date in RUL: 23.02.2023

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: International journal of molecular sciences
• Shortened title: Int. j. mol. sci.
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1422-0067
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2779162

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 22.02.2023

Secondary language

• Language: Undetermined
• Keywords: Picea abies, smrekove iglice, zunajcelični delci, zunajcelični vezikli, majhni celični delci, interferometrična svetlobna mikroskopija, eksosomi, komunikacija med celicami, dostava zdravil