ONESNAŽEVANJE MORJA S POMORSKIM PROMETOM

Ivanović, Miloš (author), Bajt, Oliver (mentor)

Onesnaževanje morja s pomorskim prometom je zelo kompleksno z veliko stranskimi učinki, ki lahko povzročijo onesnaženje morja ob delovanju ladje. Najpomembnejši bodo predstavljeni v magistrski nalogi. Zakonodaja in nove tehnološke rešitve so vplivale na trend zaščite okolja, vendar je pred nami še veliko stvari, ki jih je treba urediti. Magistrska naloga je razdeljena na osem sklopov. V prvem delu je predstavljen uvodni del, v katerem sem predstavil obravnavano tematiko naloge. Predstavljen bo tudi cilj in namen, zaradi katerega sem se odločil pisati o onesnaževanju morja s pomorskim prometom. V drugem delu je predstavljen pomorski promet, vrste ladij in tovora, oblike organiziranosti prevoza in podatki iz prakse. V tretjem delu so predstavljene pomembnejše mednarodne konvencije, ki so prispevale k ureditvi sodobnega pomorskega prometa. V četrtem delu so predstavljene snovi z ladje, ki lahko onesnažijo morje. Na začetku so kot uvod v poglavje opisane teoretične osnove onesnaževanja. Sledi predstavitev različnih oljnih odpadkov na ladji, kot so zaoljene vode, ostanki olja, ostanki tovora in jedilno olje. Med tekočimi onesnaževali so predstavljene tudi odplake in balastne vode. Plastika, živilski odpadki, gospodinjski odpadki, pepel iz sežigalnic in operativni odpadki so predstavljeni kot onesnaževala v trdni obliki. V nalogi je izpostavljena tudi onesnaženosti morja s hrupom, svetlobnim onesnaževanjem in vpliv na morsko dno. Pomemben del tega poglavja je namenjen pomorskim nesrečam. V petem delu so predstavljeni načini za odkrivanje onesnaževanja, postopek preiskave in na-čini odprave onesnaženja. V šestem delu je predstavljena onesnaženost Jadranskega morja in Tržaškega zaliva, v sedmem delu pa predlogi za zmanjšanje onesnaženosti morja. V osmem delu so predstavljeni sklepi. Na podlagi številnih virov lahko sklepamo, da je morsko okolje na več načinov intenzivno izpostavljeno negativnim vplivom z ladij, vendar obstajajo ozaveščanje, promocija in ukrepi za zmanjšanje onesnaževanja na mednarodni ravni. Kljub povečanju števila ladij se kaže tendenca zmanjševanja onesnaževanja. Človeški faktor je v tem procesu ključen.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Onesnaževanje morja, ladje, mednarodne konvencije.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144409
• Publication date in RUL: 21.02.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: POLLUTION OF THE SEA BY MARITIME TRAFFIC

Abstract

Pollution of the sea by maritime traffic is very complex, as there are many side effects that can cause sea pollution from the operation of the ship. The most important ones will be pre-sented in the master's thesis. Legislation and new technological solutions have influenced the trend of environmental protection, but there are still many things in front of us that need to be sorted out. The master's thesis is divided into eight sections. As first, the introductory part is presented, in which I presented the topic of the assignment. It will also present the goal and purpose that made me decide to write about the pollution of the sea by maritime traffic. The second part presents maritime traffic, types of ships and cargo, forms of transport organization and data from practice. The third part presents more important international conventions that contributed to the regulation of modern maritime transport. The fourth part presents substances from the ship that can pollute the sea. In the beginning, the theoretical foundations of pollution are described as an introduction to the chapter. That is followed by a presentation of the various oily wastes on the ship, such as oily bilge water, oil residues and cargo residuals. Sewage and ballast water are also represented among the liquid pollutants. Plastics, food waste, household waste, ash from incinerators and operational waste are represented as pollutants in solid form. In the thesis, importance is also given to the pollution of the sea by noise, light pollution and the impact on the seabed. An important part of this chapter is devoted to maritime accidents. In the fifth part, the ways to detect pollution, the investigation process and the elimination of pollution are presented. In the sixth part, the pollution of the Adriatic Sea and the Gulf of Trieste is presented. In the seventh part are presented proposals for reducing sea pollution. The eighth part presents the conclusions. The conclusion based on many sources is that the marine environment is intensively exposed to negative impacts from ships in many ways, but there is awareness, promotion and measures to reduce pollution at the international level. Despite the increase in the number of ships, there is a tendency to reduce pollution, while the human factor is crucial in this process.

• Keywords: Pollution of the sea, ships, international conventions.