Interakcije med agrotehničnimi ukrepi in pojavom škodljivih organizmov na športnih tratah

Zanelli, Barbara (author), Trdan, Stanislav (mentor), Vidrih, Matej (comentor)

Športne trate so zahtevne za vzdrţevanje, saj so pogosto izpostavljene glivičnim boleznim in plevelom. V zadnjih letih je vse manj registriranih fitofarmacevtskih sredstev za njihovo zatiranje. Med leti 2019 in 2020 je potekal poljski poskus na Laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani, sestavljen iz dveh delov, kjer smo v petih različnih mešanicah za športne trate preučevali delovanje treh različnih načinov gnojenja (A - anorgansko gnojilo z dodanim izboljševalcemi tal, B - organsko gnojilo z dodanimi izboljševalci tal in C - anorgansko gnojilo) na pridelek, barvo in zdravstveno stanje ter na vsebnost salicilne kisline in skupnih polifenolov. Pridelek trate je v veliki meri odvisen od temperature tal, padavin in vsebnosti vode v tleh. Na pojav glive Laetisaria fuciformis pa je vplival način gnojenja, saj je bil deleţ okuţbe z glivo najvišji pri uporabi organskih gnojil z nizkim deleţem dušika. Preučevanje vpliva salicilne kisline in skupnih polifenolov na naravno odpornost športnih trat na bolezni je relativno novo področje vzdrţevanja športnih trat. Povprečna vsebnost salicilne kisline je bila najniţja pri C načinu gnojenja, skupnih polifenolov pa je bilo več pri B in C načinih gnojenja. Ugotavljamo, da ima način gnojenja določen vpliv na vsebnost salicilne kisline in skupnih polifenolov v travnih mešanicah, kar je odvisno tudi od okoljskih dejavnikov. V letu 2020 smo v rastlinjaku preučevali zatiranje enoletne latovke (Poa annua L.), ki je eden od najpomembnejših plevelov na nogometnih tratah. Raziskovali smo učinkovitost proheksadion kalcija, etefona in bakterije Pseudomonas fluorescens proti travam P. annua L., Lolium perenne L. in Poa pratensis L. Mezotrion je bil uporabljen kot pozitivna kontrola in netretirana trava kot negativna kontrola. Ugotavljamo, da je učinkovitost testiranih pripravkov povezana z vrsto trave in od tega, ali je bila trava pred škropljenjem pokošena ali ne. Rezultati poskusa so pokazali, da z uporabo proheksadion kalcija in bakterije P. fluorescens lahko zaviramo širjenje enoletne latovke na nogometnih igriščih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: športne trate, nogometne trate, poljski poskus, gnojenje, pridelek, barva trate, Laetisaria fuciformis, naravna odpornost, salicilna kislina, skupni polifenoli, lončni poskus, Poa annua, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, škropljenje, proheksadion kalcij
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144397
• COBISS.SI-ID: 142369027
• Publication date in RUL: 19.02.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Interactions between agrotechnical measures and the occurrence of harmful organisms on sport turfgrasses

Abstract

Sport turfgrasses are the most demanding to maintain because they are often exposed to fungal diseases and weeds. In recent years, there are fewer and fewer registered phytopharmaceuticals for their treatment. Between 2019 and 2020 we carried out a field experiment at the Laboratory field of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana composed of two parts, studying the response of five different sport grass mixtures to three different fertilization schemes (A – inorganic fertilizer with two soil improvers, B – organic fertilizer with two soil improvers and C – inorganic fertilizer) on herbage mass, colour and health, also on salicylic acid and total phenolic contents. Herbage mass is largely dependent on soil temperature, precipitation and soil water content. The occurrence of the fungus Laetisaria fuciformis was influenced by the fertilization scheme, as the % infection with the fungus was highest when organic fertilizers with low % nitrogen were used. Researching the effect of salicylic acid and total polyphenols on the natural resistance of sports turfgrasses to diseases is a relatively new area of sports turf maintenance. The average content of salicylic acid was significantly lowest under fertilization scheme C, but total polyphenols were higher under fertilization schemes B and C. We conclude that the method of fertilization has a certain effect on the salicylic acid and total polyphenols content in turfgrass mixtures, which also depends on environmental factors. In 2020 was conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the suppression of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), which is one of the main weeds of sport turfgrasses. We studied the efficacy of prohexadione calcium, ethephon and Pseudomonas fluorescens against P. Annua L., Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. Mesotrione was used as a positive control and nontreated grass was used as a negative control. We established that the efficacy of the tested products is connected to grass species and whether the grass was mowed/cut before spraying. The results of this study have indicated that the application of prohexadione calcium and P. fluorescens can inhibit the spread of annual bluegrass on football pitches.

• Keywords: sports grass, football grass, field experiment, fertilization, crop, lawn color, Laetisaria fuciformis, natural resistance, salicylic acid, total polyphenols, pot experiment, Poa annua, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, spraying, prohexadione calcium, e