Vpliv hipotiroidizma na plodnost in pojav zapletov med nosečnostjo ter vloga medicinske sestre : diplomsko delo

Šmarčan, Tjaša (avtor), Mlinar, Suzana (mentor), Milavec Kapun, Marija (recenzent)

Uvod: Hipotiroidizem je kronično obolenje, ki je zelo pogosto pri ženskah v rodnem obdobju. Na njegov nastanek vpliva kombinacija genetskih in negenetskih faktorjev. Pri ženskah lahko vpliva na koncentracije spolnih hormonov in menstruacijski cikel. Zaradi medsebojnega vpliva ščitničnih in ženskih spolnih hormonov obstaja možnost neplodnosti in zapletov med nosečnostjo. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil opisati vpliv hipotiroidizma na plodnost pri ženskah ter opisati zaplete med nosečnostjo, ki se lahko pojavijo pri ženskah s hipotiroidizmom. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL with Full text in ScienceDirect s pomočjo ključnih besed, ki so se nanašale na hipotiroidizem in plodnost, neplodnost, ovarijsko funkcijo, nosečnost, zaplete med nosečnostjo in izid nosečnosti. V pregled literature je bila vključena literatura v angleškem jeziku, objavljena od leta 2012 do leta 2022. V podrobni pregled literature vključenih 15 izvirnih znanstvenih člankov. Rezultati: Hipotiroidizem in neravnovesje ščitničnih hormonov lahko vpliva na zmanjšano ovarijsko rezervo pri ženskah, ki je eden izmed razlogov za zmanjšano plodnost in neplodnost. Zmanjšana ovarijska rezerva se kaže z nižjimi vrednostmi števila antralnih foliklov in nižjimi koncentracijami AMH. Hipotiroidizem v nosečnosti lahko privede do številnih zapletov med nosečnostjo ter neugodnih izidov nosečnosti, kot so spontani splav, gestacijska hipertenzija, preeklampsija, prezgodnji porod, carski rez in nizka porodna teža novorojenčka. Razprava in zaključek: Hipotiroidizem in laboratorijske vrednosti ščitničnih hormonov imajo velik vpliv na reproduktivno stanje žensk. Laboratorijske vrednosti ščitničnih hormonov izven referenčnega območja lahko privedejo do težav s plodnostjo, v obdobju nosečnosti pa so za ženske dejavnik tveganja za nastanek zapletov med nosečnostjo in neugodni izid nosečnosti. Potrebna je celostna zdravstvena obravnava žensk in nosečnic od medicinskih sester. Te jim dajo ustrezne napotke za pravilno jemanje predpisane terapije in poskrbijo za promocijo zdravja, v kar je vključena ustrezna prehrana v nosečnosti.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, hipotiroidizem, plodnost, nosečnost, medicinske sestre, zdravstvena vzgoja
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [T. Šmarčan]
• Leto izida: 2023
• Št. strani: 35 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144274
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 141387523
• Datum objave v RUL: 09.02.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The impact of hypothyroidism on fertility and the occurrence of complications during pregnancy and role of nurses : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a chronic disease which is very common in women during their childbearing years. Formation of disease is influenced by a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors. In women it can have an affect on the concentrations of sex hormones and the menstrual cycle. Due to the mutual influence of thyroid and female sex hormones, there is a possibility of infertility and pregnancy complications in women with hypothyroidism. Purpose: Aim of the diploma thesis was to describe the impact of hypothyroidism on fertility in women and to describe the complications during pregnancy that can occur in women with hypothyroidism. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work. Literature was searched in PubMed, CINAHL with Full text and Science Direct databases using keywords related to hypothyroidism and fertility, infertility, ovarian function, pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcome. Literature in English, published form 2012 to 2022 was included in the literature review. Finally 15 original scientific articles were included in the detailed literature review. Results: Hypothyroidism and an imbalance of thyroid hormone can have an affect on the reduced ovarian reserve in women, which is one of the reasons for reduced fertility and infertility. Reuced ovarian reserve is manifested by lower values of the number of antral follicles and lower concentrations of AMH. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy can lead to many complications durng pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, caesarean section and low birth weight of the newborn. Discussion and conclusion: Hypothyroidism and thyroid hormone levels have a major impact on women reproductive health. Laboratory values of thyroid hormones outside the reference range can lead to fertility problems, during pregnancy there is an increased risk for pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with hypothyroidism that are pregnant or have fertility issues need a holistic medical treatment and nursing approach. Nurses are the ones that give them appropriate instructions fort he correct use of the prescribed therapy and are responsible for promotion of health which includes proper nutrition during pregnancy.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, hypothyroidism, fertility, pregnancy, nurses, health education