Uporaba ocenjevalnih instrumentov za oceno kognitivnih sposobnosti v delovni terapiji : diplomsko delo

Mlekuš, Lea (author), Sicherl, Zorana (mentor), Plemelj Mohorič, Alenka (reviewer)

Uvod: Število prebivalstva, starejšega od 65 let, po svetu narašča, zato je pomembno, da poznamo spremembe, ki nastajajo kot posledica staranja. Ena izmed njih je upad kognitivnih sposobnosti, ki so ključne za opravljanje vsakodnevnih aktivnosti. Delovni terapevti obravnavajo starejše odrasle osebe in ocenjujejo njihove kognitivne sposobnosti, da bi ugotovili mero upada in zakaj ter kako spremembe vplivajo na življenje posameznika. Rezultati ocenjevanja usmerjajo obravnavo in merijo njeno uspešnost ter napredek. V ta namen imajo delovni terapevti na razpolago številne standardizirane in nestandardizirane instrumente, med katerimi lahko izbirajo. Namen: Pregled uporabnosti standardiziranih ocenjevalnih instrumentov kognitivnih sposobnosti, ki se najpogosteje uporabljajo v delovni terapiji. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila metoda pregleda literature, in sicer s področja uporabnosti standardiziranih ocenjevalnih instrumentov kognitivnih funkcij za starejše osebe po 65. letu starosti v delovni terapiji. Iskanje literature je potekalo preko brskalnikov: Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Medline plus, OT Seeker, PubMed in Sage. V končno raziskavo smo vključili članke, objavljene po letu 2011, ki so bili v celoti dostopni v angleškem jeziku. Članki so vključevali raziskave, izvedene na področju delovno terapevtskih ocenjevalnih instrumentov za starejše odrasle, tako za področje kognitivnega upada kot tudi za področje ocene telesne zgradbe in telesnih funkcij. Za namen diplomskega dela smo uporabili 15 znanstvenih člankov. Rezultati: Ugotavljamo, da delovni terapevti pri obravnavi kognitivnega upada najpogosteje uporabljajo: Kratek preizkus spoznavnih sposobnosti, Test risanja ure, Loewenstein Cognitive Assessment in Montrealsko kognitivno oceno. Vsem ocenjevalnim instrumentom je skupno, da so standardizirani, zanesljivi in veljavni ter primerni za starejše osebe od 65 let. Za oceno kognitivnih sposobnosti je največkrat potrebno uporabiti več kot en ocenjevalni instrument. Razprava in zaključek: Vrednotenje v delovni terapiji je pomemben del obravnave. Pomembno je, da delovni terapevt dobro pozna uporabnika, njegove težave in se na podlagi tega odloča za primeren ocenjevalni obrazec. Delovni terapevti po svetu vse bolj stremijo k uporabi zanesljivih in veljavnih ocenjevalnih instrumentov na nivoju okvare, saj z njihovo pomočjo lažje utemeljijo in z dokazi podprejo svoje odločitve.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, kognicija, starejši odrasli, vrednotenje, ocenjevanje sposobnosti, lastnosti ocenjevalnih instrumentov
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Mlekuš]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 27 str., [6] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144184
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 140552707
• Publication date in RUL: 03.02.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Use of standardized cognitive assessments in occupational therapy : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, the number of people aged 65 and over worldwide has increased dramatically. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the changes that occur as a consequence of aging. One of these is the decline in cognitive abilities which are crucial for carrying out everyday functions and activities. Occupational therapists treating older adults assess their cognitive abilities to find out to what extent there has been a decline and why and how the changes affect the performance of activities of daily living. The results of the assessment guide occupational therapists and measure the success of the progress. For this purpose, they have several cognitive standardized and non-standardized instruments to choose from. Purpose: To review the standardized cognitive assessment instruments most commonly used in occupational therapy and to determine their usefulness. Methods: The literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Medline Plus, OT Seeker, PubMed, and Sage. In the final results, we used articles published after the year 2010. The articles had to report on research done in the field of occupational therapy assessment instruments for older adults, both in the area of cognitive decline and in the area of assessment of body structure and physical function. For the thesis, 15 scientific articles were used. Results: We found that occupational therapists most commonly use the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Clock Drawing Test, the Loewenstein Cognitive Assessment, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment when treating clients with cognitive decline. All assessment instruments have in common that they are standardized, reliable, valid, and suitable for clients aged 65 years or older. More than one assessment is most often needed to assess the actual condition of the user. Discussion and conclusion: Evaluation in occupational therapy is an important part of treatment. It is important that the occupational therapist knows the user, and his/her problems and then decides on an appropriate assessment form. Occupational therapists around the world are increasingly striving to implement reliable and valid assessment instruments in therapy because they make it easier for them to justify and support their treatment decisions with evidence.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, cognition, older adults, evaluation, ability assessment, properties of assessment instruments