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Development of dry emulsion production methods and compositions intended for delivery of highly lipophilic drugs : doctoral thesis
ID Pohlen, Mitja (Author), ID Dreu, Rok (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Dry emulsions are lipid drug delivery systems, where in the process of drying the outer water phase of an oil-in-water emulsion is being replaced with different matrix formers. Currently, dry emulsions are neglected in drug delivery, as they often provide low drug loading and exhibit poor flow properties, consequently, there is a need to improve dry emulsion formulation and/or find alternative methods of production. The main objective of this doctoral thesis was to resolve challenges of utilizing dry emulsions for the delivery of highly lipophilic drugs. In the first part, fluid bed layering was established as a new, alternative method for dry emulsion production. It was demonstrated that the modified Wurster chamber with swirl air flow generator was needed to successfully perform layering experiments. Based on results of microscopy techniques, we were able to confirm that oil phase was homogeneously dispersed in distinct oil droplets within the solid matrix of the pellet coating. Mixture design methodology was successfully employed to optimize stability and reconstitution ability of the dry emulsion layered pellets. Dry emulsion coated pellets provided good flow properties and increased dissolution performance of the model drug simvastatin with low water solubility. In the second part, process and dry emulsion formulation optimization was attempted in combination with spray drying method, as commonly used method for dry emulsion preparation. Nozzle geometry was identified, as a novel process parameter and its extensive effect on all critical quality attributes of dry emulsion powder was confirmed. Utilizing response surface methodology, five optimized products were produced with adequate process yield, particle size distribution, reconstitution ability and improved dissolution profile. However, dry emulsion powders provided poor flow properties. To further optimize flowability and reconstitution ability of spray dried dry emulsions, nanocrystalline cellulose and macroporous silica were introduced in the formulation as insoluble matrix formers. It was shown that macroporous silica had a positive effect on dry emulsion reconstitution ability and flow properties, due to its porous nature and large particles size, yet it partially trapped the oil-simvastatin solution within its pores. Nanocrystalline cellulose eased oil release, but due to its shape, impaired product flow properties. The last part of experimental work focuses on the comparison of fluid bed layering and spray drying as technologies for the production of dry emulsions. Fluid bed layering excelled in all studied responses, namely process yield, encapsulation efficiency, dry emulsion particle size, reconstituted emulsion droplet size distribution, and relative drug chemical stability, except for the maximum drug loading, where spray drying allowed for broader formulation changes and thus higher drug loads. In the conducted bioavailability study in rats, dry emulsion layered pellets provided a remarkable increase in relative bioavailability of 115 %, compared with the reference physical mixture with simvastatin. This work provides an in depth study of dry emulsion systems and their methods of production. The obtained results facilitate dry emulsion production method selection and enable wider use of dry emulsion systems for delivery of lipophilic drugs as they give insight into process and formulation understanding.

Language:English
Work type:Dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Publisher:[M. Pohlen]
Year:2021
Number of pages:XX, 228 str.
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-143827 This link opens in a new window
UDC:66.047:615.015(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:83339267 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:13.01.2023
Views:694
Downloads:80
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Razvoj metod izdelave in sestave posušenih emulzij za dostavljanje zdravilnih učinkovin z izrazito lipofilnimi lastnostmi : doktorska disertacija
Abstract:
Posušene emulzije so na lipidih osnovani sistemi, kjer v procesu sušenja zunanjo vodno fazo emulzije tipa olje v vodi nadomestijo različni tvorci ogrodja. Trenutno so posušene emulzije spregledan dostavni sistem, saj običajno ne zagotavljajo dovolj visokega odmerka zdravilne učinkovine, obenem pa izkazujejo slabe pretočne lastnosti. Posledično obstaja realna potreba po izboljšanju tovrstnih formulacij in/ali iskanju alternativnih tehnoloških procesov za izdelavo posušenih emulzij. Glavni cilj doktorske disertacije je bil premostiti izzive, povezane z uporabo posušenih emulzij za namen dostave učinkovin z izrazito lipofilnostjo. V prvem delu raziskav smo kot prvi pokazali, da je metoda oblaganja s tehnologijo z vrtinčenjem primerna za izdelavo sistemov posušenih emulzij. Pokazali smo, da je oblaganje pelet z emulzijo možno le ob uporabi Wursterjeve komore z dodatnim generatorjem krožno simetričnega vrtinčenja zraka. Na podlagi rezultatov mikroskopskih tehnik smo potrdili, da so oljne kapljice homogeno razporejene znotraj trdnega ogrodja obloge pelet. Metoda načrta zmesi je bila uspešno uporabljena za optimizacijo stabilnosti in rekonstitucijske sposobnosti s posušenimi emulzijami obloženih pelet. Tako obložene pelete so izkazovale dobre pretočne lastnosti in izboljšan profil sproščanja simvastatina, modelne učinkovine s slabo topnostjo. V drugem delu smo izvedli optimizacijo procesa in formulacije posušene emulzije v kombinaciji s tehnologijo sušenja z razprševanjem, ki je najpogosteje uporabljena metoda za izdelavo posušenih emulzij. Geometrija šobe je bila prepoznana kot pomemben procesni parameter, pri čemer je bil potrjen njen vpliv na vse proučevane kritične atribute kakovosti. Z uporabo metode odzivnih površin je bilo izdelanih pet produktov, ki so izkazovali ustrezen izkoristek procesa, porazdelitev velikosti delcev, sposobnost rekonstitucije in izboljšan profil sproščanja, a hkrati slabe pretočne lastnosti. Za namen izboljšanja pretočnih lastnosti in sposobnosti rekonstitucije posušenih emulzij smo v formulacijo uvedli makroporozni SiO2 in nanokristalno celulozo. Pokazali smo, da je imel makroporozni SiO2 ugoden vpliv na sposobnost rekonstitucije in pretočne lastnosti, zaradi svoje poroznosti in velikosti delcev, vendar je hkrati v porah deloma zadržal raztopino simvastatina v olju. Nanokristalna celuloza je izboljšala sproščanje oljne faze, vendar je zaradi oblike delcev negativno vplivala na pretočne lastnosti. V zadnjem delu raziskav smo primerjali tehnologijo oblaganja v zvrtinčenih plasteh ter sušenja z razprševanjem, kot tehnologiji izdelave posušenih emulzij. Tehnologija oblaganja v zvrtinčenih plasteh je izkazovala prednost pri vseh proučevanih odzivih, t.j. izkoristku procesa, učinkovitosti vgradnje učinkovine, velikosti posušenih delcev, porazdelitvi velikosti kapljic rekonstituirane emulzije in relativni kemijski stabilnosti, z izjemo vsebnosti zdravilne učinkovine, kjer je tehnologija sušenja z razprševanjem dovoljevala formulacijske spremembe znotraj širšega koncentracijskega intervala in s tem višjo vsebnost učinkovine. V študiji biološke uporabnosti na podganah so s posušenimi emulzijami obložene pelete izkazale izrazito 115 % povečanje biološke uporabnosti v primerjavi z referenčno fizikalno zmesjo z učinkovino. Doktorsko delo predstavlja poglobljeno študijo sistemov posušenih emulzij in tehnologij izdelave. Dobljeni rezultati olajšajo izbiro metode za izdelavo in omogočajo širšo uporabo posušenih emulzij za dostavo lipofilnih zdravilnih učinkovin, saj prispevajo k boljšemu razumevanju formulacij posušenih emulzij ter metod za njihovo izdelavo.

Keywords:posušene emulzije, lipofilne lastnosti, dostavni sistemi, sušenje z razprševanjem

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