Vloga objektivnih in subjektivnih značilnosti situacij pri doživljanju in uravnavanju čustev : magistrsko delo

Kovač, Beti (avtor), Zager Kocjan, Gaja (mentor)

V zadnjih letih se je med raziskovalci okrepilo zanimanje za sistematično raziskovanje psihologije situacij. Z raziskavo smo želeli preučiti, kako se doživljanje in uravnavanje čustev razlikujeta glede na objektivne kategorije situacij (s kom, kje in kaj počne posameznik) ter kako se doživljanje in uravnavanje čustev povezuje s subjektivno zaznanimi značilnostmi situacij, kot jih opredeljuje taksonomija situacijskih osem – DIAMONDS (Rauthmann idr., 2014). V vzorec je bilo vključenih 63 študentov psihologije (92 % žensk; M = 20 let, SD = 0,89 leta), ki so štiri dni prek mobilne aplikacije štirikrat dnevno izpolnili vprašalnik o doživljanju in uravnavanju čustev ter značilnostih situacij, v katerih so čustva doživljali. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da posamezniki o višji stopnji valence in aktivacije čustev poročajo v situacijah, ko so z bližnjimi osebami, ko so v naravi, na obisku, ko so telesno aktivni, se družijo, prehranjujejo in izvajajo prostočasne aktivnosti. Udeleženci so v vseh kategorijah situacij najpogosteje poročali o veselju, manj pogosto pa o žalosti, jezi, strahu, presenečenju in gnusu. Prav tako so rezultati pokazali, da posamezniki v situacijah, v katerih so z bližnjimi osebami, na obisku, ko se družijo in so telesno aktivni, za uravnavanje svojih čustev najpogosteje uporabljajo strategijo izražanja čustev, supresijo pa v situacijah, vezanih na študij, delo in opravila. Strategiji preusmerjanja pozornosti in ponovne ocene so uporabljali manj pogosto. Rezultati, vezani na subjektivne značilnosti situacije, so pokazali, da se valenca čustev pozitivno povezuje z dimenzijo pozitivnosti in negativno z dimenzijo negativnosti, aktivacija čustev pa se pozitivno povezuje z dimenzijama pozitivnosti in socialnosti. V situacijah, zaznanih kot prijetne in socialne, so udeleženci za uravnavanje čustev uporabljali strategijo izražanja čustev; v situacijah, zaznanih kot neprijetne, pa so uporabljali strategijo preusmerjanja pozornosti. Ugotovitve raziskave, s katero smo psihologijo situacij aplicirali na področje čustev, kažejo na pomembnost subjektivne ocene situacij pri proučevanju čustev, kar se ujema z vlogo kognitivne ocene situacij v kontekstu modela pojavitve čustev.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: čustva, strategije za uravnavanje čustev, psihologija situacij, Situacijskih osem DIAMONDS, metoda vzorčenja izkušenj
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [B. Kovač]
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: 76 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-142899
• UDK: 159.942(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 139904003
• Datum objave v RUL: 01.12.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The Role of Objective and Subjective Characteristics of Situations in Experiencing and Regulating Emotions

Izvleček

In recent years, there has been an increased interest among researchers in the systematic research of the psychology of situations. This study aims to examine how emotion experience and regulation differ according to objective categories of situations (with whom, where and what the individual is doing) and how the emotion experience and its regulation are related to the subjective characteristics of the situation as defined by the taxonomy of the Situational Eight – DIAMONDS (Rauthmann et al., 2014). The sample included 63 psychology students (92% women; M = 20 years, SD = 0.89 years), who filled out a short questionnaire about their emotion experience, regulation and the characteristics of situations via a mobile application four times a day in a period of four days. Results showed that the participants felt a higher level of emotional valence and activation in situations in which they are together with people with whom they are in close relationships, when they are in nature, on a visit, and when they are physically active, socialising, eat and participate in leisure activities. In most situations, participants felt happiness, less often sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust. To regulate emotional experience, participants used the strategy of expressing emotions in situations when they were with their partner and friends, on a visit, when they socialised and were physically active, and suppression in situations related to studies, work and obligations. The strategies of redirecting attention and cognitive reappraisal were used less frequently. The results related to subjectively perceived dimensions of situations showed that the valence of emotions is positively correlated with the dimension of positivity and negatively with the dimension of negativity. Also, the dimension of positivity and sociality is positively correlated with the level of activation of emotions. In situations that the participants perceived as pleasant and social, they more often regulated their emotions by sharing them with others, and in situations which are perceived as unpleasant and negative, they used the strategy of redirecting attention. The findings of the research, with which we applied the field of psychology of situations to the field of emotions, clearly demonstrate the importance of the subjective assessment of situations in the field of emotions. This also corresponds to the role played by the cognitive evaluation of situations in the context of the emotion emergence model.

• Ključne besede: emotions, emotion regulation strategies, situational psychology, Situational Eight –DIAMONDS, experience sampling method