Učinki telesne vadbe na spoznavne sposobnosti pri bolnikih z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Sovič, Amadeja (author), Hiti, Nina (mentor), Kavčič, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Alzheimerjeva bolezen je najpogostejša degenerativna bolezen možganov. V možganih bolnika se kopičijo patološke beljakovine, ki poškodujejo nevrone, zmanjšanje števila teh pa se kaže v upadu spoznavnih sposobnosti. To vodi do težav pri opravljanju vsakodnevnih dejavnosti in zmanjšuje njihovo kakovost življenja. Pri tej skupini oseb lahko redna telesna vadba pozitivno vpliva na njihovo zdravje. Vadbeni programi za izboljšanje spoznavnih sposobnosti vključujejo aerobno vadbo, vadbo za izboljšanje mišične zmogljivosti in ravnotežja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda strokovne literature predstaviti učinke telesne vadbe na spoznavne sposobnosti pri bolnikih z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in PEDro z različnimi kombinacijami ključnih besed v angleškem jeziku. V pregled so bile vključene randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave, ocenjene z oceno 6 ali več po PEDro lestvici. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih pet randomiziranih kontroliranih raziskav, ki so ustrezale vključitvenim merilom. V raziskavah je bilo skupno zajetih 474 preiskovancev. Vadbeni programi so vključevali aerobno vadbo, vadbo za izboljšanje mišične zmogljivosti in ravnotežja. Trajali so od 12 do 24 tednov. V večini raziskav so poleg spoznavnih sposobnosti ocenjevali dejavnosti vsakodnevnega življenja. V treh raziskavah je bila kontrolna skupina deležna običajne zdravstvene oskrbe, v eni raziskavi je bila vključena v večkomponentno intervencijo, v eni raziskavi pa v strukturirane dejavnosti. Statistično značilne razlike na področju spoznavnih sposobnosti so bile zaznane le v dveh raziskavah. Razprava in zaključek: Na podlagi pregledanih raziskav lahko zaključimo, da ima voden vadbeni program pomembno vlogo pri bolnikih z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo, saj lahko vpliva na večjo vključenost teh posameznikov v dejavnosti vsakodnevnega življenja in izboljša njihovo splošno telesno vzdržljivost. Še vedno pa ostaja vprašanje, ali so ti vadbeni programi resnično učinkoviti in lahko vplivajo na izboljšanje spoznavnih sposobnosti. V prihodnjih raziskavah bi bilo treba vključiti večje število preiskovancev, učinke telesne vadbe pa spremljati daljše časovno obdobje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, staranje, telesna dejavnost, Alzheimerjeva bolezen, spoznavne sposobnosti
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Sovič]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 30 str., [4] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-142028
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 125872131
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is the most common degenerative brain disease. Pathological proteins accumulate in the patient's brain and damage neurons. The reduction in the number of neurons results in a decline in cognitive abilities. This leads to difficulties in carrying out daily activities and worsens their quality of life. For this group of patients, regular exercise can have a positive impact on their health. Exercise programmes to improve cognitive abilities include aerobic exercise, exercise to improve muscle performance and balance training. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to review the literature on the effects of physical exercise on cognitive abilities in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: We used a descriptive method of literature review. The literature was searched in the PubMed and PEDro using different combinations of keywords in English. The search included randomised controlled trials with a PEDro scale of 6 or higher. Results: Five randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. A total of 474 subjects were included in the studies. Exercise programmes included aerobic exercise, exercise to improve muscle performance and balance training. They lasted from 12 to 24 weeks. Most of the studies also assessed activities of daily living in addition to cognitive abilities. In three studies, the control group received usual care, in one study they received a multi-component intervention and in one study they received structured activities. Only two studies showed a statistically significant improvement in cognitive abilities. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the studies reviewed, it can be concluded that a guided exercise programme plays an important role in people with AD, as it can increase their involvement in activities of daily living and improve their overall physical endurance. However, the question remains whether these training programmes are actually effective and can have an impact on improving cognitive abilities. Future research should include a larger number of participants and monitor the effects of exercise over a longer period of time.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, aging, physical activity, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive abilities