Fenomenološki vpogled v kognicijo v mirovanju : primerjava normativnih in depresivnih posameznikov

Miloševič, Katarina Sinja (avtor), Repovš, Grega (mentor), Zager Kocjan, Gaja (komentor)

Eden od nepričakovanih vplivov funkcijskega slikanja možganov na preučevanje kognicije je osredotočanje na stanje mirovanja. Raziskave funkcijske povezanosti v stanju mirovanja so namreč razkrile razmeroma stabilne vzorce povezav med možganskimi področji, ki so pogosto različni pri posameznikih z duševnimi motnjami, kot sta depresija in shizofrenija. Kognitivni procesi, ki potekajo v stanju mirovanja kljub priljubljenosti preučevanja mirovne funkcijske povezanosti, še vedno niso jasno opredeljeni. To odpira možnost, da so opažene razlike v funkcijski povezanosti rezultat drugačnih vsebin kognicije v mirovanju in ne spremenjene strukture možganov ali funkcijskih povezav. V magistrskem delu smo zato želeli pridobiti poglobljen vpogled v doživljanje in vsebine misli posameznikov v mirovanju ter nasloviti vprašanje, ali se le-te razlikujejo pri osebah z depresijo. Ker snemanje s funkcijsko magnetno resonanco predstavlja specifično okolje, smo preverili tudi, v kakšni meri se doživljanje posameznikov med mirovanjem razlikuje v kontekstu magnetne resonance in izven njega. V študijo je bilo vključenih 21 ljudi, od tega je bilo 10 oseb v preteklosti diagnosticiranih z depresijo, 11 pa ni imelo diagnoze duševne motnje. S prvoosebno tehniko fenomenološkega intervjuja smo zbrali poročanja o doživljanju po tem, ko so osebe mirovale v raziskovalnih prostorih Univerzitetne psihiatrične klinike Ljubljana. 10 udeležencev (pet z depresijo in pet brez depresije) je mirovalo tudi med hkratnim snemanjem možganov s funkcijsko magnetno resonanco, čemur je ponovno sledil fenomenološki intervju. Za oblikovanje taksonomije doživljajskih kategorij smo uporabili analitični pristop konstruktivistične poskusne teorije. Doživljanje ljudi med mirovanjem se je v naši študiji izkazalo za bolj heterogeno, kot so to prepoznavale predhodne raziskave. Opisna primerjava doživljanja med mirovanjem v magnetni resonanci in izven nje je pokazala, da je bilo doživljanje v nekaterih vidikih drugačno, ko so udeleženci mirovali v magnetni resonanci. Po drugi strani opisna primerjava ni pokazala bistvenih razlik v doživljanju pri osebah z depresijo in osebah iz normativne populacije, kar kaže na možnost, da so prepoznane spremembe v funkcijski povezanosti omrežij med mirovanjem pri osebah z depresijo morda v večji meri odraz sprememb v delovanju možganov kot spremenjeni kogniciji.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: mirovno stanje, depresivna motnja, možgansko slikanje z magnetno resonanco, kognicija, fenomenološki intervju
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [K. S. Miloševič]
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: 112 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-141845
• UDK: 159.91:159.95(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 131996675
• Datum objave v RUL: 09.10.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Phenomenological insight into resting-state cognition: comparison of non-depressed and depressed individuals : magistrsko delo

Izvleček

One of the unexpected influences of functional brain imaging on studies of cognition is the focus on the resting state. Research on resting-state functional connectivity has revealed relatively stable patterns of connections between brain areas, which often differ between individuals with mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Despite the popularity of the study of resting-state functional connectivity, the cognitive processes that take place in the resting state are still not clearly defined. This raises the possibility that the observed differences in functional connectivity are the result of different cognitive content at rest, rather than altered brain structure or functional connections. In this master’s thesis, we wanted to gain a deeper insight into the experience and content of thoughts of individuals at rest and to address whether these differ in people with depression. As functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a specific environment, we have also examined to what extent individuals’ experience of rest differs in and out of the fMRI context. 21 participants were included in the study, of which 10 people had a history of depression, and 11 had not been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Using a first-person phenomenological interview technique, we gathered reports on the experience after participants had been resting in a room of the research section of the University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana. 10 participants (five depressed and five non-depressed) also rested during a simultaneous functional MRI brain scan, again followed by a phenomenological interview. We used the analytical approach of constructivist grounded theory to create a taxonomy of experiential categories. Participants' experience during rest turned out to be more heterogeneous than was recognized by previous research. A descriptive comparison of experience showed that experience during rest differed in certain aspects when participants were resting in the magnetic resonance. On the other hand, the descriptive comparison showed no significant differences in experience during rest between depressed and normative participants, suggesting that the previously observed changes in brain connectivity at rest in people with depression may reflect changes in brain functioning rather than altered cognition at rest.

• Ključne besede: resting-state, major depression, magnetic resonance imaging, cognition, phenomenological interview