Ocenjevanje kvalitete tehnike teka z video analizo : magistrsko delo

Bončina, Nejc (avtor), Škof, Branko (mentor), Železnik Mežan, Lea (komentor)

Tek je zelo razširjena oblika telesne aktivnosti za izboljšanje zdravja in najbolj razširjena oblika gibanja v športnem okolju, ki je od nekdaj del vrhunskih atletskih tekmovanj. Za uspešno tekmovanje v vzdržljivostnem teku je pomembna tudi ekonomičnost teka, katere del predstavlja tehnika teka. Ta je pomembna tudi z vidika preprečevanja tekaških poškodb. V raziskavi smo preučevali vpliv tehnike teka na ekonomičnost teka, oblikovali sistem ocenjevanja kakovosti tehnike teka z video analizo in poskusili določiti enotne opisne kriterije za ocenjevanje kakovosti posameznih kinematičnih parametrov tehnike teka. V raziskavo smo vključili 15 preizkušancev obeh spolov (starosti 24 ± 9 let; telesne višine 171,7 ± 8,2 cm; telesne mase 65,3 ± 10,3 kg) z različnimi tekaškimi izkušnjami, statusom treniranosti (VO2max 52,3 ± 5,3 ml/min/kg) in iz različnih primarnih športov. Preizkušancem smo izmerili antropometrične lastnosti, nato so izvedli tekaški test po Nowackem protokolu (2 x 3 min ogrevanja (0 % naklon, hitrosti 7 in 8 km/h), test do odpovedi (2 % naklon, začetna hitrost 8 km/h, stopnjevanje hitrosti 1 km/h/min)). Med testom smo s sistemom Quark CPET merili izmenjavo plinov, določili VO2max, ekonomičnost teka (kcal/min/kgFFM) ter po V-slope metodi določili anaerobni prag in hitrost pri anaerobnem pragu (vanp). Preizkušance smo od strani in od zadaj v višini medenice snemali z dvema pametnima telefonoma modela iPhone (240 sličic na sekundo, resolucija 720p). Posamezne podane kinematične parametre tehnike teka je na podlagi video posnetkov pri vanp brez dodatnih navodil ocenilo 5 izobraženih in usposobljenih trenerjev z ocenami od 1 (najslabša izvedba) do 3 (najboljša izvedba). Na podlagi ocen trenerjev smo kasneje oblikovali opisne kriterije za ocenjevanje kakovosti posameznih parametrov tehnike teka. Ugotovili smo, da VO2max, vanp in ekonomičnost teka pojasnjujejo 82,6 % variance tekaške uspešnosti ter da je kakovost tehnike teka le v manjši meri povezana z ekonomičnostjo teka (-0,127 (p = 0,653)), ki je skupek velikega števila dejavnikov. Ocena kakovosti tehnike teka z video analizo in ocenjevanjem posameznih kinematičnih parametrov se je izkazala za ustrezno in zanesljivo, saj je bila skladnost trenerjev pri ocenjevanju velika (Cronbachova Alpha 0,874). Ugotovili smo, da ena idealna tehnika zaradi individualnih razlik med tekači ne obstaja ter da jo je potrebno v postopku analize interpretirati celostno in individualno. Zaradi majhne velikosti vzorca ter zasnove raziskave predlagamo preverjanje ugotovitev in dopolnitev opisnih kriterijev na večjem vzorcu preizkušancev in trenerjev.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: biomehanika teka, tehnika teka, ekonomičnost teka, video analiza, tekaške poškodbe
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-141538
• COBISS.SI-ID: 124776195
• Datum objave v RUL: 01.10.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Assessing runnig technique quality with video analysis

Izvleček

Running is a common form of physical activity and the most prevalent form of movement in sports, which has always been an important part of track and field competitions. To successfully compete in distance running, one must pay attention to running economy, which is partly comprised of running technique (RT). Running technique is also important in terms of preventing running injuries. In our experiment we studied running technique effect on running economy (RE) and designed a running technique quality grading system based on video analysis. We formed descriptive criteria for grading individual running technique kinematic variables. The experiment included 15 athletes of both genders (age 24 ± 9 let; body height 171,7 ± 8,2 cm; body weight 65,3 ± 10,3 kg), various running experience, various training status (VO2max 52,3 ± 5,3 ml/min/kg) and of different primary sports. Athletes were measured for anthropometric characteristics and then performed a Nowacki running test (warm up 2 x 3 min (0 % incline, 7 and 8 km/h speed); test until exhaustion (2 % slope, starting speed 8 km/h, speed increase 1 km/h/min)). During the test we measured gas exchange (Quark CPET) and determined VO2max, RE (kcal/min/kgFFM) and anaerobic threshold speed (vanp) by V-slope method. We video recorded running technique with 2 iPhone smartphones (one from the side and one from the back at pelvis height) at 240 fps and 720p resolution. Individual kinematic variables quality from video reordings at vanp was evaluated by 5 licensed coaches with grades from 1 (worst) to 3 (best). Based on the coaches' evaluations, we later developed descriptive criteria for assessing the quality of individual running technique parameters. We found that VO2max, vanp and RE explained 82,6 % of running quality variance and that running technique quality was only in a lesser degree linked with RE (-0,127 (p = 0,653)), which is comprised of multiple factors. Assessing running technique with video analysis and with individual kinematic variable grading showed as appropriate and reliable, as coaches' grades were quite uniform (Cronbach Alpha 0,874). We also found that there is not one ideal running technique due to individual differences between runners. Running technique assessment and correction should therefore be done holistically and carefully. Due to small sample size and study design, we propose to test the findings and to refine the descriptive criteria on a larger sample of athletes and coaches.

• Ključne besede: running biomechanics, running technique, running economy, video analysis, running injuries