Boris Kidrič in začetki jugoslovanskega tržnega socializma : diplomsko delo

Dušak, Jure (avtor), Ferenc, Mitja (mentor)

Pričujoča naloga obravnava vlogo slovenskega komunista Borisa Kidriča v prelomnem obdobju jugoslovanske zgodovine med letoma 1946 in 1953. V tem obdobju je Boris Kidrič predsedoval Gospodarskemu svetu FLRJ in Planski komisiji ter na teh dveh pozicijah usmerjal razvoj jugoslovanskega gospodarstva. Leta 1948 je prišlo do izključitve Jugoslavije iz Kominformbiroja in do odprtega konflikta med jugoslovanskim in sovjetskim vodstvom. Ta situacija je Kidriču omogočila, da je ob podpori najpomembnejšega slovenskega komunista Edvarda Kardelja in glavnega teoretika KPJ začrtal novo smer gospodarskega razvoja, ki je pomenila radikalen odmik od sovjetske prakse. Skozi celotno obdobje sta bila Kidrič in Kardelj med glavnimi nasprotniki forsirane kolektivizacije. Kidriča so pri reformah usmerjali predvsem praktični problemi, s katerimi se je soočalo jugoslovansko gospodarstvo. Kmalu po prevzemu vodilnih funkcij v jugoslovanskemu gospodarstvu se je zavedel številnih pomanjkljivosti administrativnega planskega sistema, kot so bile slaba kvaliteta izdelkov, omejen asortiment in težave z distribucijo izdelkov. Forsirana industrializacija je skupaj z blokado, ki so jo proti Jugoslaviji uvedle države vzhodnega bloka, ustvarila razmere, v katerih je industrijsko prebivalstvo prehitro naraščalo, kar je ogrozilo preskrbo mest s hrano. Industrijska delovna sila je bila nestabilna, slabo disciplinirana, delavci so pogosto menjavali službe, direktorji pa so pod pritiskom planskih ciljev tekmovali za delavce. Kidrič je rešitve videl v večji vlogi trga, ohlapnejšem načinu planiranja ter v delovnih kolektivih, ki sodelujejo pri odločanju o proizvodnji in ki so za učinkovitost nagrajeni tako, da razpolagajo z deležem dobička. S tem sistemom je nameraval zagotoviti naglo rast produktivnosti dela in stabilno delovno silo. Socialistični sistem, ki so ga opredeljevali delavski sveti, tržni odnosi in ohlapnejši sistem planiranja, se je razvil kot kombinacija kritike sovjetskega socializma, izkušenj iz obdobja NOB in prilagoditev na številne težave, ki so pestile jugoslovanski socializem v njegovih prvih letih.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Boris Kidrič, Jugoslavija, informbirojevska kriza, socializem, Edvard Kardelj, industrializacija, kolektivizacija, delavsko samoupravljanje, ekonomsko planiranje, tržni odnosi, tržni socializem, gospodarski razvoj, 1946-1953, bolonjska diplomska dela
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [J. Dušak]
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: 57 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-141391
• UDK: 338.242(497.1):929(497.4)Kidrič B."1946/1953"
• COBISS.SI-ID: 134607363
• Datum objave v RUL: 29.09.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Boris Kidrič and the beginnings of Yugoslav market socialism

Izvleček

This thesis explores the role played by the Slovenian communist Boris Kidrič during the crucial period of Yugoslav history, from 1946 to 1953. During this period, Kidrič chaired the Economic Council of the FPRY and the Planning Commission, and in these two positions he guided the economic development of Yugoslavia. In 1948, Yugoslavia was expelled from the Cominform and the Yugoslav leadership came into open conflict with the Soviet leadership. This situation enabled Kidrič, supported by the most important Slovenian communist and CPY's leading theoretician, Edvard Kardelj, to chart a new course of economic development, which represented a radical departure from Soviet practice. Throughout this period, both Kidrič and Kardelj were among the main opponents of forced collectivisation. Kidrič's reforms were driven primarily by consideration of practical problems facing the Yugoslav economy. Soon after taking over the leading position in the Yugoslav economic administration, Kidrič became aware of the administrative planning system's many shortcomings, such as the poor quality of products, limited product range, and problems with the distribution of goods. Forced industrialisation, along with the blockade imposed by the Soviet Bloc countries, created a situation where the industrial labour force was growing too quickly, threatening the food supply in the cities. The industrial labour force was unstable and undisciplined, workers frequently changed jobs, while managers, pressured to achieve the five-year plan's targets, competed for workers. Kidrič’s solutions proposed a greater role for the market, a looser system of economic planning, and the participation of work collectives in production-related decisions, as well as rewarding them for their efficiency by giving them the power to allocate part of the profits. This system was aimed at ensuring fast growth in labour productivity and a stable workforce. The socialist system, defined by workers' councils, market relations, and a looser system of planning, was developed by combining a critique of Soviet socialism, experiences from the National Liberation War, and adaptation to the many problems that plagued Yugoslav socialism in its early years.

• Ključne besede: Yugoslavia, Cominform crisis, socialism, Edvard Kardelj, industrialisation, collectivisation, workers’ self-management, economic planning, market relations, market socialism, economic development, thesis