Vrednotenje potenciala organskih ekstraktov lesnih in mikoriznih gob kot zaviralcev encimov iz skupine holinesteraz in glutation S-transferaz

Kurešepi, Ema (author), Sepčić, Kristina (mentor)

Povzetek: Nekatere bolezni moderne družbe se zdravi s pomočjo malih molekul, ki delujejo kot inhibitorji ustreznih encimov, ki so udeleženi v teh boleznih. Inhibicija holinesteraznih encimov, med katere prištevamo acetilholinesteraze (AChE) in butirilholinesteraze (BChE) ima lahko pozitiven vpliv na obvladovanje in lajšanje simptomov nevroloških motenj, kot sta demenca in Alzheimerjeva bolezen, hkrati pa lahko enako strategijo uporabljamo tudi za zdravljenje miastenije gravis in glavkoma. Rezultati raziskav so pokazali, da inhibicija AChE in BChE vodi v povišano koncentracijo nevrotransmiterja acetilholina, kar posledično vodi do izboljšanja kognitivnih funkcij in lajšanja simptomov omenjenih bolezenskih stanj. Po drugi strani je za tumorje značilna povišana koncentracija encima glutation S-transferaze (GST), katerega inhibitorji predstavljajo potencialne proti tumorske učinkovine. Lesne in mikorizne gobe so pomemben vir bioaktivnih učinkovin, saj vsebujejo različne sekundarne metabolite, ki kažejo sposobnost inhibicije omenjenih encimov. V magistrski nalogi smo se zato osredotočili na preverjanje inhibitornega potenciala etanolnih ekstraktov gliv na zgoraj omenjene encime. Kot možne inhibitorje encimov AChE in BChE humanega in živalskega porekla ter encima GST, ki je bil izoliran iz konjskega seruma, smo testirali etanolne ekstrakte 75 vzorcev gob. Inhibicijo encima AChE smo opazili pri 6 vzorcih. Najvišjo vrednost inhibicije humane AChE je dosegel ekstrakt gobe Cortinarius bolaris, hkrati pa je isti ekstrakt inhibitorno deloval tudi na AChE iz električne jegulje. Inhibicijo encima BChE smo prav tako zabeležili pri 6 vzorcih, najvišjo vrednost pa smo opazili pri ekstraktu gobe Hemytrichia serpula. Inhibicijo encima GST aktivnost smo opazili pri 25 ekstraktih, od katerih so najmočnejšo inhibitorno aktivnost pokazali ekstrakti gob Gloeporus taxicola, Amanita excelsa, Gloephylium odoratum in Daedalea quercina. Naša raziskava je tako odprla možnost za nadaljnje raziskave, v katerih bi bilo potrebno ugotoviti, katere učinkovine/molekule povzročajo inhibicijo encimov AChE, BChE in GST.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: lesne gobe, mikorizne gobe, glutation S-transferaza, holinesteraza, encimski inhibitor
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-141229
• COBISS.SI-ID: 132049155
• Publication date in RUL: 26.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Evaluation of the anticholinesterase and anti-glutathione S-transferase potential of organic extracts from wood-decay and mycorrhyzal mushrooms

Abstract

Abstract: Some of the modern diseases can be cured using small molecules, which act as inhibitors of specific enzymes, which are involved in pathology of specific diseases. Inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes, which are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) may have beneficial effects on the treatment and alleviation of symptoms of neurological diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease; the same inhibition strategy is also used to treat myasthenia gravis and glaucoma. Research has shown that inhibition of AChE and BChE results in increased concentrations of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which in turn improves cognitive function and alleviates symptoms of these diseases. Contrary, tumours are characterized by increased levels of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the inhibitors of this enzyme have potential antitumor effects. Wood and mycorrhizal fungi are an important source of bioactive compounds because they contain various secondary metabolites that have the ability to inhibit these enzymes. Therefore, in this master's thesis, we focused on testing the inhibitory potential of ethanolic mushroom extracts on the above mentioned enzymes. Ethanol extracts of 75 mushroom samples were tested as possible inhibitors of AChE and BChE of human and animal origin, and of GST isolated from horse serum. Inhibition of AChE activity was observed in 6 samples. The highest value of inhibition of human AChE was obtained by the extract of the mushroom Cortinarius bolaris, and at the same time it also had an inhibitory effect on AChE from electric eels. Inhibition of BChE activity was also detected in 6 samples, with the highest value observed in the extract of Hemytrichia serpula. Inhibition of GST activity was observed in 25 extracts, of which the strongest inhibitory activity was shown for extracts from the mushrooms Gloeporus taxicola, Amanita excelsa, Gloephylium odoratum and Daedalea quercina. Our study thus opened up the possibility for further research that would need to determine which compounds/molecules causes the inhibition of enzymes AChE, BChE and GST.

• Keywords: wood-decay fungi, mycorrhyzal fungi, glutathione S-transferase, cholinesterase, enzyme inhibitor