Koordinacija sistemov pokojninskega zavarovanja v Evropski uniji : magistrsko diplomsko delo

Damjanovič, Julija (author), Strban, Grega (mentor)

S pokojnino se zagotavlja ekonomska blaginja posameznikom, ki zaradi starosti niso več zmožni opravljati pridobitne dejavnosti oziroma se to od njih ne pričakuje več. Pravica do pokojnine je kot temeljna človekova pravica izrecno omenjena v 50. členu Ustave in v okviru pravice do socialne varnosti ter pravice do zasebne lastnine tudi v različnih mednarodnih pravnih aktih. Zgodovinsko so države pravico do pokojnine pogojevale z načelom teritorialnosti, ki pa v sodobni in izrazito globalni družbi ne zagotavlja več ustreznega varstva pravice do pokojnine delavcem, ki tekom svoje aktivne dobe delo opravljajo v več različnih državah. Z namenom učinkovitega uresničevanja svobode gibanja delavcev kot ene izmed štirih temeljnih svoboščin notranjega trga EU so se v pravu EU izoblikovali mehanizmi povezovanja sistemov socialne varnosti. Krovna uredba na področju koordinacije sistemov socialne varnosti je Uredba (EU) 883/2004, ki ureja tudi povezovanje obveznih pokojninskih zavarovanj in drugih pokojninskih z zakonom ustanovljenih pokojninskih zavarovanj. Splošna koordinacijska uredba sicer ne posega v vsebino nacionalnih pokojninskih sistemov, ampak vsebuje le formalna pravila, ki urejajo stik s tujim pravom (kolizijske norme). Vsaka država članica EU torej še vedno ohranja posebnosti svojega pokojninskega sistema, saj gre za njihovo povezovanje in ne poenotenje. Dodatna pokojninska zavarovanja niso zajeta v splošno koordinacijsko uredbo. Zanje veljajo direktive, s katerimi se s pomočjo določanja minimalnih standardov dosega delno poenotenje dodatnih pokojninskih zavarovanj. Same določbe glede povezovanja dodatnih pokojninskih zavarovanj pa so izjemno skope in zajemajo zgolj napotene delavce. Z namenom zagotavljanja večje fleksibilnosti na trgu dodatnih pokojninskih zavarovanj je bila leta 2019 sprejeta Uredba (EU) 2019/1238, ki uvaja vseevropski osebni pokojninski produkt. Z njo se Evropejcem daje na voljo poseben produkt dodatnega individualnega pokojninskega zavarovanja, ki ga je v primeru selitve mogoče prenesti iz ene države članice v drugo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pravica do pokojnine, pokojninski sistemi, svoboda gibanja delavcev, povezovanje (koordinacija) sistemov socialne varnosti, kolizijske norme, obvezno pokojninsko zavarovanje, dodatno pokojninsko zavarovanje, vseevropski osebni pokojninski produkt
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Damjanovič]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 64 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140918
• UDC: 349:364.35EU(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 124659715
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Coordination of Pension Systems in the European Union

Abstract

Pensions provide economic well-being for individuals who are no longer able or expected to work and earn an income due to old age. The right to a pension is a fundamental human right, explicitly mentioned as such in Article 50 of the Constitution. It is also included in various international legal instruments in the context of the right to social security as well as the right to private property. Historically, states have conditioned the right to a pension on the principle of territoriality. In a modern and highly global society the principle of territoriality no longer provides adequate protection of the right to a pension for migrant workers who work in several different states in the course of their career. Mechanisms for the integration of social security systems have been developed in EU law in order to effectively implement the freedom of movement for workers, which is one of the four fundamental freedoms of the EU internal market. The general regulation for the coordination of social security systems is Regulation (EU) 883/2004, which includes integration of statutory pension schemes and other statutory pension schemes. However, General Coordination Regulation does not interfere with the content of national pension systems, but only contains formal rules governing contact with foreign law (conflict-of-law rules). Each EU Member State therefore still retains the specific features of its own pension system, as the purpose of respective regulation is integration and not unification of national social security systems. Supplementary pension schemes are not included in the General Coordination Regulation. They are regulated by directives, which achieve partial harmonization of supplementary pension schemes through the setting of minimum standards. Yet the integration of supplementary pension schemes is extremely modest, covering only posted workers. In order to provide more flexibility in the supplementary pension market, Regulation (EU) 2019/1238, introducing the Pan-European Personal Pension Product, was adopted in 2019. It provides a specific supplementary individual pension insurance product that can be transferred from one Member State to another in the event of relocation.

• Keywords: right to a pension, pension systems, freedom of movement for workers, integration (coordination) of social security systems, conflict-of-law rules, compulsory pension insurance, supplementary pension insurance, Pan-European Personal Pension Product