Žlahtnjenje leče (Lens culinaris Medik.) z biotehnološkimi pristopi

Hvalič, Aneja (author), Rudolf Pilih, Katarina (mentor)

Določevanje odpornosti rastlin na povzročitelje gospodarsko pomembnih bolezni kot so npr. uvelost, rja in ožig, pomeni velik napredek za uspešno kmetijsko pridelavo. Identifikacija odpornih rastlin je danes hitrejša in bolj zanesljiva. Uporaba biotehnoloških pristopov, predvsem molekularnih markerjev na osnovi PCR, omogoča analizo genoma in posledično prisotnost genov za odpornost na določeno bolezen. Markerji, ki ločujejo med posameznimi genotipi na podlagi polimorfizmov služijo kot indikatorji prisotnosti gena za odpornost, če so v njegovi neposredni bližini. Odpornost leče (Lens culinaris Medik.) na uvelost je pogojena s Fw genom. V njegovi bližini; 10,8 cM oddaljen, je RAPD marker OP-K15900. Tesnejšo povezavo so odkrili preko SSR in AFLP markerjev; SSR59-2B je od Fw gena oddaljen 8,0 cM, p17m30710 pa 3,5 cM. Odpornost na rjo je determinirana z genom R, katerega prisotnost najbolje določata dva SSR markerja, LcSSR606 in LcSSR440. Njuna oddaljenost od R gena je 8,3 cM in 8,1 cM. Odpornost na uvelosti in rjo je determinirana z dominantnim genom. Ožig, ki je prav tako kot uvelost in rja posledica okužbe z glivo, nima enotnega vira odpornosti. Do zdaj je bil odkrit dominanten gen AbR1, kateremu sta najbližje RAPD markerja RB18 in RV01, ki sta oddaljena 14 cM oz. 6 cM. Poleg AbR1 je dominanten gen za odpornost tudi Ral2, recesivno pogojen pa je ral2.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: molekularni markerji, žlahtnjenje rastlin, odpornost, rastlinske bolezni
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140038
• COBISS.SI-ID: 125176067
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Application of biotechnological approaches for breeding of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Abstract

Crops resistant to economically important diseases such as fusarium wilt, rust and Ascochyta blight are essential for agricultural production. Identification of resistant plants is now faster and more reliable. The use of biotechnological methods, especially molecular markers based on PCR, enables the analysis of the genome and thus the presence of genes for disease resistance. Markers that differentiate between genotypes based on DNA polymorphisms serve as indicators of a resistance gene when located in its immediate vicinity. Wilt resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is caused by the Fw gene. The latter has a RAPD marker OP-K158900 in the proximity of 10,8 cM. A stronger association was detected with SSR marker SSR59-2B and AFLP marker p17m30710 at distances of 8,0 and 3,5 cM, respectively. Rust resistance is regulated by the R gene, which is flanked by two SSR markers LcSSR606 and LcSSR440 at distances 8,3 and 8,2 cM, respectively. Resistance to rust and wilt is determined by a dominant gene, in contrast to blight, which has two known dominant genes that determine resistance. Ascochyta blight has two RAPD markers, RB18 and RV01, near the AbR1 gene of 14 and 6 cM, respectively. Ral2 is another dominant gene, while ral2 is recessive.

• Keywords: molecular markers, plant breeding, resistance, plant disease