Last piece in the puzzle of bisphenols BPA, BPS and BPF metabolism : kinetics of the in vitro sulfation reaction

Durcik, Martina (author), Gramec, Darja (author), Tomašič, Tihomir (author), Trontelj, Jurij (author), Peterlin-Mašič, Lucija (author)

Bisphenols are endocrine-disrupting chemicals ubiquitously present in the environment, with the consequent exposure to humans. In humans, bisphenols are metabolized to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Recent studies indicate that sulfation represents an important bisphenol metabolic pathway for the most vulnerable humans, such as the growing fetus. Our aim was to evaluate sulfation kinetics of commonly detected bisphenols in biological samples: bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF). Furthermore, we evaluated estrogenic agonist potencies and long-term stability of these bisphenol sulfates. BPS and BPF sulfates were prepared by chemical synthesis. Sulfation kinetics of the selected bisphenols were tested in pooled human liver cytosol, as a source for soluble phase II enzymes, including liver sulfotransferases, with quantification by LC-MS/MS. A validated transactivation assay using the hERα-Hela 9903 cell line was used to determine estrogenic agonist potencies. Moreover, BPA, BPS, and BPF sulfate stabilities were examined under various conditions and during storage. In vitro sulfation of BPA and BPS followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics; BPF sulfation followed a substrate inhibition model. Sulfation rates were comparable for these bisphenols, although their K$_M$ values indicated some large differences in affinities. BPA and BPS sulfates are not hERα agonists. The bisphenol sulfates can be considered stable for at least 2 days under these tested media conditions. These data indicate that bisphenol sulfation is an important route in their biotransformation. Compared to glucuronidation, these bisphenols show slower sulfation rates but similar K$_M$ values. BPA and BPS metabolic biotransformation by sulfation provides their detoxification as they are without estrogenic activities.

• Language: English
• Keywords: bisphenol sulfates, sulfation kinetics, sulfate estrogenic activity, sulfate stability
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 9 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 303, pt. 2, art. 135133
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-139674
• UDC: 612.43:620.266.1
• ISSN on article: 0045-6535
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135133
• COBISS.SI-ID: 111924227
• Publication date in RUL: 06.09.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Chemosphere
• Shortened title: Chemosphere
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0045-6535
• COBISS.SI-ID: 25213696

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: bisfenol sulfati, kinetika sulfacije, sulfatna estrogenska aktivnost, obstojnost sulfatov, hormonski motilci

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P1-0208
• Name: Farmacevtska kemija: načrtovanje, sinteza in vrednotenje učinkovin