Polyfunctionalized α-phenyl-tert-butyl(benzyl)nitrones : multifunctional antioxidants for stroke treatment

Diez-Iriepa, Daniel (author), Knez, Damijan (author), Gobec, Stanislav (author), Iriepa, Isabel (author), de los Ríos, Cristóbal (author), Bravo, Isaac (author), López-Muñoz, Francisco (author), Marco-Contelles, José (author), Hadjipavlou-Litina, Dimitra (author)

Nowadays, most stroke patients are treated exclusively with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, a drug with serious side effects and limited therapeutic window. For this reason, and because of the known effects of oxidative stress on stroke, a more tolerable and efficient therapy for stroke is being sought that focuses on the control and scavenging of highly toxic reactive oxygen species by appropriate small molecules, such as nitrones with antioxidant properties. In this context, herein we report here the synthesis, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of twelve novel polyfunctionalized α-phenyl-tert-butyl(benzyl)nitrones. The antioxidant capacity of these nitrones was investigated by various assays, including the inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by AAPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, ABTS+-decoloration assay, DPPH scavenging assay, and inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase. The inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidases and cholinesterases and inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation were also investigated. As a result, (Z)-N-benzyl-1-(2-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)methanimine oxide (5) was found to be one of the most potent antioxidants, with high ABTS+ scavenging activity (19%), and potent lipoxygenase inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 10 µM), selectively inhibiting butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 3.46 ± 0.27 µM), and exhibited neuroprotective profile against the neurotoxicant okadaic acid in a neuronal damage model. Overall, these results pave the way for the further in-depth analysis of the neuroprotection of nitrone 5 in in vitro and in vivo models of stroke and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases in which oxidative stress is identified as a critical player.

• Language: English
• Keywords: butyrylcholinesterase, free radical scavengers, neuroprotection, α-phenyl-tert-butyl(benzyl)nitrones, in vitro digestion, extractable and bound phenolics
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Publication date: 31.08.2022
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 20 str., art. 1735
• Numbering: Vol. 11, Iss. 9
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-139371
• UDC: 612.015:616.127-005.8
• ISSN on article: 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091735
• COBISS.SI-ID: 119819011
• Publication date in RUL: 01.09.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Antioxidants
• Shortened title: Antioxidants
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2076-3921
• COBISS.SI-ID: 522976025

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 01.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: antioksidanti, butirilholinesteraza, lovilci prostih radikalov, nevroprotekcija, α-fenil-terc-butil(benzil)nitroni, oksidativni stres

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P1-0208-2022
• Name: Farmacevtska kemija: načrtovanje, sinteza in vrednotenje učinkovin

• Funder: Other - Other funder or multiple funders
• Funding programme: Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competividad, Ramón y Cajal
• Project number: SAF2015-65586-R