Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential membrane phospholipid found in all domains of life. It is extremely important phospholipid since it participates in many biological processes. However, the most important feature of PS is its location. PS is located exclusively on the inside of the plasma membrane, where very little is known about its role. When it is exposed on the outside of the plasma membrane, it regulates cellular processes such as apoptosis, blood coagulation, bone mineralization and numerous interactions between cells. Understanding the behaviour and location of PS in cell membranes is important for understanding many physiological processes in our cells. Different biomarkers are used to detect the role of PS, which have certain limitations. The most important biomarker of PS is the human protein annexin V, which can only be used for studies of exposed and not intracellular PS, and is also not useful for labelling living cells. Other protein probes are also used, but due to many weaknesses, the precise cellular localization and intracellular dynamics of PS in living cells remains unresolved.
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