The purpose of the article is to show how contemporary political science as a separate science dealing with politics is structurally conditioned by the rise of the capitalist mode of production. The specificity of capitalism is the separation of political power and economic exploitation, which also opens up space for the formation of separate public/political and private spheres. It is this separation of politics from the economy which establishes the conditions for the creation of a separate political science that deals primarily with the political/public sphere or the mediation of interests and influence from the private to the public sphere. Contemporary political science, which is separate from other sciences and deals with politics that are separate from other spheres of life, therefore only became possible in a capitalist society where the market is established as the key regulatory mechanism of society
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