Solidarnost med državami članicami Evropske unije pri t. i. »delitvi bremena« sprejema in integracije beguncev

Polak, Ines (author), Bardutzky, Samo (mentor)

Napad Rusije na Ukrajino, 24. 2. 2022, ki je prisilil več milijonov prebivalcev Ukrajine, da so zbežali v države članice Evropske unije, je sprožil ponovne razprave o načelu solidarnosti v zvezi s pravom azila in migracij. Spet se je namreč izkazalo pomanjkanje solidarnosti ne le med državami članicami Evropske unije, temveč tudi solidarnosti do posameznikov, ki potrebujejo mednarodno zaščito. To je v neskladju z zagotavljanjem učinkovitega varstva beguncev, ki bi moralo biti glavni cilj prava mednarodne zaščite. Za uresničevanje pravic beguncev, ki so zrcalo dolžnostim držav, je treba vzpostaviti sistem pravične delitve, ne le »bremena«, temveč odgovornosti med državami članicami Evropske unije, ki bi ob upoštevanju prava človekovih pravic in pravic beguncev iz Ženevske konvencije temeljil na načelu solidarnosti. Načelo solidarnosti, ki poenostavljeno pomeni pomoč med akterji pri uresničevanju skupnih ciljev, vrednot ali izogibanju skupni nevarnosti, bi moralo biti kot načelo prava Evropske unije nefleksibilno, hkrati pa pomeniti izhodišče za skupno zavezo držav članic k sodelovanju v sistemu pravične delitve odgovornosti, ki ne dopušča možnosti »opt-out«.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pravice beguncev, begunsko pravo, »delitev bremena«, delitev odgovornosti, načelo pravičnosti, načelo solidarnosti
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-138385
• COBISS.SI-ID: 116925187
• Publication date in RUL: 19.07.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Solidarity among the member states of the European Union in the so-called “burden-sharing” of refugee reception and integration

Abstract

Russia's attack on Ukraine on 24/02/2022, which forced several million residents of Ukraine to flee to the member states of the European Union, has sparked renewed discussions on the principle of solidarity in relation to asylum and migration law. Once again, the lack of solidarity not only among the member states of the European Union but also towards individuals in need of international protection has been displayed. This is inconsistent with ensuring the effective protection of refugees, which should be the main goal of the law of international protection. To ensure the rights of refugees, which are a reflection of the duties of states, it is necessary to establish a system of fair sharing, not only of the "burden" but of responsibility among the member states of the European Union, which would be based on the principle of solidarity, taking into account the law of human rights and the rights of refugees from the Geneva Convention. The principle of solidarity, simply meaning assistance between actors in realizing common goals, values or avoiding a common danger, should be inflexible as a principle of European Union law, requiring a common commitment from member states to participate in a system of fair sharing of responsibilities that would not allow the possibility of “opt-out”.

• Keywords: refugee rights, refugee law, »burden-sharing«, responsibility-sharing, the principle of justice, solidarity principle