Skin diseases are fourth on the list of the most common human diseases. Only a couple of these diseases can be fatal, which is the reason they do not get as much attention as alternative research areas. Unfortunately, skin diseases represent an enormous burden (physical, psychological, socio-economic), affecting the patient, his family and, ultimately, the health care system. Current treatment strategies are generally considered outdated, ineffective and untailored to the individual, so the need for development of novel approaches in this area is emphasized. Lately, increasing interest is directed towards the novel approaches in treatment of skin diseases, which is reflected in the growing number of research and clinical studies. The role of the human microbiome in maintaining homeostasis is emphasized, as its imbalance leads to the development of various diseases, including many skin conditions. Therefore, an important approach in treatment of several skin conditions aims to restore the balance of skin as well as gut microbiome. This includes microbiome modulation by microbial transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, post-biotics or the use of bacteriophage therapy. For some severe or incurable skin diseases, the field of gene therapy is also being explored. Furthermore, the development of vaccines targeting skin conditions is also discussed.
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