Dejavniki stresa na delovnem mestu medicinskih sester in načini njihovega preprečevanja : diplomsko delo

Stojchevikj, Tatjana (author), Kvas, Andreja (mentor), Gogova, Tina (comentor), Milavec Kapun, Marija (reviewer)

Uvod: Stres na delovnem mestu je zelo pereča problematika, saj vpliva tako na zdravje in blaginjo posameznikov, kot tudi na njihovo izvrševanje delovnih obveznosti. Zaradi narave dela medicinskih sester je v tem poklicu pogosto prisotna visoka stopnja stresa, ki lahko vpliva na blaginjo medicinskih sester. Preučevanje te problematike je nujno zato, da bi ugotovili načine preventive stresa in njegovega blaženja tako iz vidika posameznika kot tudi organizacije. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti in prikazati, kateri so najpogostejši dejavniki stresa, s katerimi se na delovnem mestu srečujejo medicinske sestre, na katere načine lahko medicinske sestre dejavnike stresa zmanjšajo ter kako lahko delodajalci poskrbijo za zmanjšanje dejavnikov stresa medicinskih sester v povezavi z njihovim delom. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene domače in tuje literature. Naredili smo pregled literature s časovno omejitvijo od 2010 do 2020. Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library, US National Library of Medicine in v bibliografsko kataložni bazi podatkov COBIB.SI. V končno analizo smo vključili 17 člankov. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da so najpogostejše skupine dejavnikov stresa medicinskih sester poklicni, organizacijski, socialno-demografski in psihološki. Problematični dejavniki so medosebni odnosi, narava dela, vloga osebnostnih lastnosti ter individualne karakteristike. Načini zmanjševanja stresa so lahko pozitivni ali negativni način, reaktivni ali aktivni, terapevtski ali neterapevtski in načini, ki so usmerjeni na vodstvo medicinskih sester in organizacije, posamezne vire ali socialno podporo. Delodajalci lahko stres medicinskih sester znižajo tako, da nanj reagirajo na primarni ravni, kar pomeni, da se stres preprečuje, še preden do njega pride. Razprava in zaključek: Medicinske sestre so pogosto pod stresom zaradi narave svojega dela, umiranja pacientov, slabega okolja, profesionalnih odnosov in nerazumevanja s strani nadrejenih. Načini za zmanjšanje stresa so različni, ti pa vključujejo različne posege za spopadanje s stresom, samonadzor, telovadbo in socialno podporo. Pri tem imajo veliko vlogo tudi nadrejeni, ki lahko vplivajo na zmanjšanje stresa s pomočjo različnih organizacijskih posegov, kot so ustvarjanje pozitivne delovne klime, nudenje podpore in promocijo zdravja na delovnem mestu v povezavi s stresom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, delovno okolje, strategije zmanjševanja stresa, simptomi, intervencije
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Stojchevikj]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 26 str., [7] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137478
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 112108547
• Publication date in RUL: 18.06.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Stressors at the workplace of nurses and the ways of the their prevention : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Workplace stress is a very pressing matter as it affects the health of people, their wellbeing and the execution of their working obligations. Because of the nature of nurse's work there is a high level of stress involved. Researching this issue is important to figure out the ways to prevent and ease stress from the point of view of nurses and the organizations where they work. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to find out and present the most frequent stressors of nurses in their workplace, the methods of prevention of stress and how the organizations can help nurses to reduce stress concerning their work. Methods: We used the descriptive method of Slovenian and English literature review from the year 2010 to 2020. The databases used were CINAHL, MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library, US National Library of Medicine and COBIB.SI. We used 17 articles in the final analysis. Results: We concluded that the most common groups of stressors are workplace stress, organizational stress, social-demographic stress and psychological stress. Big stressors are interpersonal relationships, the nature of work, personality and individual characteristics. The ways to prevent stress can be positive or negative, reactive or active, therapeutic or non-therapeutic and the methods concerning the management, organizations, individual sources and social support. The managers can lower the stress of nurses by reacting to it on a primary level. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses are often stressed because of the nature of their work, the death of patients, bad environment, professional relationships and disapproval from their superiors. There are different ways to prevent stress which can include different interventions to manage stress, self-regulation, exercise and social support. The managers have a significant role in lowering the levels of stress with the use of different organizational interventions, which include building a positive atmosphere, offering support and health promotion in the workplace in the context of stress.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, working environment, strategies to lower stress, symptoms, interventions