Introduction: Dislocation of the patella is one of the most common knee joint injuries, where the patellar bone is removed from the patellofemoral joint. The most common is lateral patellar dislocation, which can cause the rupture of the medial patelofemoral ligament. Dislocation of the patella represents 2-3 % of all knee injuries and is the main cause of knee hemoarthrosis. Dislocation of the patella is a common knee injury for young, active individuals and women. Muscle imbalance, especially a weak vastus medialis muscle, plays an important role in patellar instability. Purpose: Based on a literature review, our thesis aims the conservative and surgical treatment of patellar dislocation. Methods of work: The literature search was conducted using the electronic database PubMed. We used the following inclusion criteria: thematic relevance of the article, randomized controlled trial (RCT), freely accessible full text, articles published in English and a period of five years. Results: 71 studies were reviewed for the results, of which five were selected, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies have compared conservative and operative treatments for patellar dislocation. At the first dislocation, treatment is usually conservative. Surgical treatment brings better results on the stability of the patella, there are no recurrent patellofemoral instabilities. The treatment begins with knee immobilization, which lasts from 3 to 6 weeks including limited mobility. The pain is controlled with nonsteroidal medications. It is very important to start physiotherapy as soon as possible, focused on strengthening the quadriceps muscle. Discussion and conclusion: In all five studies, the operative and conservative treatments for patellar dislocation were compared. The studies did not provide conclusive results as to which treatment is better to use. After the surgical procedure, re-dislocations were less frequent than after conservative treatment.
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