Učinkovitost vadbe ravnotežja stoje z vidno povratno informacijo pri pacientih po možganski kapi – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Ravbar, Kristina (author), Puh, Urška (mentor), Lipovšek, Tjaša (comentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

Uvod: Pri pacientih po možganski kapi pogosto pride do motenj ravnotežja, izboljšanje le-tega pa je predpogoj za povrnitev samostojnosti pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih. V ta namen se uporabljajo različne vrste vadbe, med drugim tudi vadba ravnotežja z vidno povratno informacijo. Namen: Na podlagi pregleda literature ugotoviti učinkovitost vadbe ravnotežja stoje z enostavno vidno povratno informacijo pri pacientih po možganski kapi. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovni zbirki PubMed. V pregled smo zajeli raziskave v angleškem jeziku, objavljene do decembra 2020. Vključeni so bili le randomizirani kontrolirani poskusi. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih sedem raziskav, v katerih so skupno zajeli 243 preiskovancev. V preiskovalnih skupinah so izvajali vadbo ravnotežja stoje z vidno povratno informacijo kot dodatek h konvencionalni obravnavi. Ta je bila dodana na način, da je preiskovalna skupina prejela skupno daljše trajanje vadbe kot primerjalna skupina (5 raziskav) ali da je bilo trajanje vadbe med skupinama enako (3 raziskave). V primerjalnih skupinah je bila izvedena le konvencionalna obravnava. Skupno daljše trajanje vadbe v preiskovalni skupini je bilo učinkovito za izboljšanje dinamičnega ravnotežja, ne pa tudi hoje in premičnosti. Rezultati raziskav o učinkovitosti za statično ravnotežje in dejavnosti vsakodnevnega življenja so si neenotni. Ko je bilo trajanje vadbe med skupinama enako, pomembne razlike v učinkovitosti za izboljšanje statičnega in dinamičnega ravnotežja, hitrosti hoje in premičnosti niso bile zaznane. Zaključek: Vadba ravnotežja stoje z vidno povratno informacijo je učinkovita kot dodatek h konvencionalni obravnavi za izboljšanje dinamičnega ravnotežja pri pacientih v subakutni in kronični fazi po možganski kapi. Vadba naj vključuje ohranjanje stabilnega položaja stoje in prenose teže v različne smeri na stabilni ali nestabilni podlagi. Vidna povratna informacija naj bo zagotovljena v obliki kazalnika na zaslonu, ki ga morajo ohranjati na sredini ali mu slediti. Vadba naj se izvaja dva do štiri tedne, petkrat na teden po 20 minut. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave, ki bi določile, v kateri fazi po možganski kapi je taka vadba najbolj učinkovita in ali ima dolgoročne učinke.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, možganska kap, ravnotežje, vidna povratna informacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Ravbar]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 23 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137439
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 112005891
• Publication date in RUL: 17.06.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of standing balance training with visual feedback in stroke patients – literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Following a stroke, patients often have impaired balance. The improvement of balance is necessary for restoring independence in activities of daily living. Various therapeutic interventions are used for restoring balance; one of them is balance training with visual feedback. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of standing balance training with visual feedback in stroke patients based on a literature review. Methods: The literature was searched in the PubMed database. Only randomized controlled trials written in English and published by December 2020 were included in the review. Results: Seven studies were included in the review, with a total number of 243 participants. Experimental groups received standing balance training with visual feedback in addition to conventional treatment. Balance training was added in a way that the experimental group either received longer treatment time than the control group (5 studies) or that the treatment time of both groups was equal (3 studies). Control groups received only conventional treatment. With longer treatment time, standing balance training with visual feedback was effective in improving dynamic balance, but not gait and mobility. Results about the effects on static balance and activities of daily living were inconsistent. When the treatment time of both groups was equal, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the effects on static and dynamic balance, walking speed, and mobility. Conclusion: When added to conventional treatment, standing balance training with visual feedback is effective in improving dynamic balance in subacute and chronic stroke patients. Training should include maintaining steady posture and shifting weight in different directions on a stable or unstable platform. Visual biofeedback should be received in the form of a cursor on the screen, which should be kept in the center or followed when moving. Training should be performed for two to four weeks, five times per week for 20 minutes. Further studies are needed to determine in which stage after stroke the training is most effective and whether it has long-term effects.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, stroke, balance, visual feedback