Sistematični pregled raziskav razširjenosti motnje pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo

Šerod, Klara (author), Locatelli, Igor (mentor), Štuhec, Matej (co-mentor)

Ozadje: Motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD) je nevrorazvojna motnja, za katero so značilni poglavitni simptomi hiperaktivnosti, impulzivnosti in nepozornosti. ADHD predstavlja pomembno breme za posameznika in družbo, saj sodi med najbolj pogoste duševne motnje pri otrocih in mladostnikih in/ter odraslih (razširjenost je 5–10 % pri otrocih in mladostnikih in 1–5 % pri odraslih). Diagnostika ADHD predstavlja pomemben izziv, motnjo je potrebno prepoznati v dveh različnih okoljih (npr. doma in v šoli). Za obvladovanje ADHD je pomembno poznavanje razširjenosti (prevalence) ADHD-ja, zato potrebujemo kvalitetne raziskave na tem področju. Namen: Izdelava sistematičnega pregleda raziskav o razširjenosti ADHD-ja ter predstavitev posameznih pomembnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na oceno razširjenosti. Metode: Zgradili smo iskalno strategijo v spletnem iskalniku PubMed, kjer smo se osredotočili na članke v angleškem jeziku, objavljene do 31. avgusta 2021. V sistematični pregled smo vključili presečne, kohortne raziskave ter raziskave registrov, kjer so raziskovalci vrednotili ADHD z Mednarodno klasifikacijo bolezni in sorodnih zdravstvenih problemov za statistične namene (MKB) in Diagnostičnim in statističnim priročnikom o duševnih motnjah (DSM). Starost bolnikov ni bila izključitveni kriterij. V končni nabor smo vključili le raziskave, kjer so klinično ocenili ADHD. Rezultati: Iz PubMeda smo pridobili 7157 zadetkov, od teh smo jih 116 vključili v sistematični pregled, 51 raziskav je imelo klinično ocenjeno ADHD. Raziskave in njihove rezultate smo razdelili glede na starostne skupine in geografsko področje. Razširjenost v Evropi med otroci in mladostniki je 0,8–10 %, v Severni in Južni Ameriki 2,2–10 %, v Vzhodni, Jugovzhodni in Južni Aziji 0,2–8,8 %, v Zahodni Aziji 1,3–13 % in v Afriki 1,6–8,8 %. Razširjenost med odraslimi je 0,4–4,4 %. Sklep: Ocena razširjenost ADHD je med otroci in mladostniki zelo variabilna (razpon ocen je 0,2–13 %), na variabilnost pomembno vpliva metodologija raziskav in uporabljen diagnostični kriterij. Višjo razširjenost imajo otroci, nižja je pri odraslih. Razširjenost ADHD je bistveno večja pri dečkih kot pri deklicah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ADHD, razširjenost, metodologija raziskav, sistematični pregled
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137040
• Publication date in RUL: 31.05.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: A systematic review of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence studies

Abstract

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the main symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. ADHD represents an important disease burden for the individual and society. ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents and/or adults (estimated prevalence is 5–10% in children and adolescents and 1–5% in adults). Diagnosis of ADHD is an important challenge; the disorder needs to be identified in two different settings (e.g., home and school). Prevalence data are important for the management of ADHD, so we need quality research in this area to provide robust data on ADHD prevalence. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of studies on the ADHD prevalence and to present individual important factors influencing the assessment of prevalence. Methods: We have established a search strategy in the PubMed database, focusing on articles in English published by 31 August 2021. The systematic review included cross-sectional, cohort and registry studies where researchers evaluated ADHD with the International Classification of Diseases and related health problems for statistical purposes (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The age of the patients was not an exclusion criterion. Only studies where ADHD was clinically evaluated were included in the final study selection. Results: 7157 results from PubMed were obtained and 116 were included in the systematic review. 51 studies had clinically evaluated ADHD. We divided the research and its results according to age groups and geographical area. The prevalence in Europe among children and adolescents is 0.8–10%, in North and South America 2.2–10%, in East, South-East and South Asia 0.2–8.8%, in West Asia 1.3–13% and in Africa 1.6–8.8%. The prevalence among adults is 0.4–4.4%. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of ADHD is highly variable among children and adolescents (range of estimates is 0.2–13%), and variability is significantly influenced by research methodology. Children have a higher ADHD prevalence, while adults have a lower prevalence. The prevalence of ADHD is significantly higher in boys than in girls.

• Keywords: ADHD, prevalence, research methodology, systematic review