Testiranje stikalnega napajalnika po standardu IEC 62368-1:2014

BOŽIČ, GREGOR (author), Humar, Iztok (mentor)

V današnjem sodobnem življenju in konkurenčnih okoliščinah je varnost produktov postala izziv za podjetja, ki se ukvarjajo z njihovo skladnostjo z zahtevanimi predpisi. Povečanje kompleksnosti izdelave naprav pomeni povečanje potencialnih nevarnosti, ki lahko ogrozijo človeka. Do omenjenih nevarnosti lahko pride zaradi nepravilnega delovanja naprav kot tudi zaradi uporabnikove nepravilne uporabe. Standard IEC 62368-1:2014 temelji na metodologiji prenosa nevarne energije na človeško telo, saj razvrsti vire energije v energijske nivoje in na njihovi podlagi predpisuje zaščitne ukrepe, ki naj bi zmanjšali verjetnost poškodb, bolečin in v primeru požarov tudi materialno škodo. V sklopu diplomske naloge sem se želel vključiti v pomemben korak uvajanja produkta na mednarodni trg, in sicer s preskušanjem varnosti napajalnika po standardu IEC 62368-1:2014. S pomočjo zahtev tega standarda sem na napajalniku izvedel ustrezne meritve in dobljene rezultate prikazal v tabelah. Vsak preskus zahteva določen kriterij ustreznosti, ki sem ga kot preskuševalec želel dokazati. Prvi del diplomske naloge je namenjen razlagi osnovnega delovanja preskušanega stikalnega napajalnika. Zajema osnovno primerjavo z linearnim napajalnikom ter njegove slabosti in prednosti. Opisani so tudi glavni sestavni deli napajalnika in potek pretvorbe izmenične napetosti v enosmerno napetost. V drugem delu je predstavljen pomen standardizacije ter njena koristnost na mednarodni, nacionalni in regionalni ravni. Omenjena je tudi shema CB z naštetimi prednostmi. Izpostavljena je tudi oznaka CE, ki je ena izmed nujnih zahtev pri uveljavitvi produkta na evropski trg. Poudarjena je tudi nadgradnja oznake ENEC, ki na podlagi testiranja druge organizacije obljublja višjo stopnjo varnosti. Tretji del in tudi glavni del diplomske naloge obsega preskušanje naprave po standardu za avdio/video opremo ter informacijsko in komunikacijsko tehnologijo. Povzet je pregled kritičnih komponent, opisani so glavni postopki meritev in podan je tabelni prikaz rezultatov. Pri vsakem preskusu je bilo preverjeno tudi merilo ustreznosti. Na koncu so omenjeni še krajši preskusi, ki so del meritev, ter tudi primer izdelave merilnega lista in njegova bistvena vsebina.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: stikalni napajalnik, standardizacija, energijski vir, zaščitni ukrep, kritična komponenta, simulacija napak, ozemljitvena upornost, tok dotika
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-136641
• COBISS.SI-ID: 108741123
• Publication date in RUL: 12.05.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Testing of switching mode power supply according to standard IEC 62368-1:2014

Abstract

In today's modern lifestyle and competitive environment, product safety has become a challenge for companies that deal with product compliance and their required regulations. The increased complexity in the manufacture of devices has also increased the po-tential hazard these devices pose to people. These hazards can occur due to device mal-function as well as due to improper use by the user. The safety standard IEC 62368-1:2014, which is based on the methodology of transferring hazardous energy to the human body, classifies energy sources into energy levels and, based on these levels, pre-scribes adequate protective measures to reduce the likelihood of injury, pain and, in case of fire also damage to property. As part of my diploma thesis, I wanted to get involved in an important step of introducing the product to the international market, namely by testing the safety of the power supply according to the IEC 62368-1:2014 safety standard. Using the requirements of this standard, I performed the adequate measurements on the power supply and presented the obtained results in tables. Each test requires a certain criterion of adequacy, which I wanted to prove as a tester. The first part of the diploma thesis is devoted to explaining the basic operation principles of the switching power supply. It covers the basic comparison with a linear power supply as well as its disadvantages and advantages. The main components of the power supply and the process of converting AC voltage to DC voltage are also described. The second part outlines the importance of standardization, the CB scheme and its benefits at the international, national and regional levels. The CE marking, which is one of the necessary requirements for a product to be placed on the European market, is also highlighted. The upgrade to the ENEC mark, which promises a higher level of safety, based on testing by another organization, is also highlighted. The third and also the main part of the diploma thesis covers the actual testing of the device according to the standard for audio/video equipment as well as information and communication technology. An overview of the critical components is summarized, the main measurement procedures are described and a tabular presentation of the results is given. For each test, a criterion of adequacy was also checked. Finally, the shorter tests that are part of the measurements are mentioned, along with an example of making a measurement sheet and its essential content.

• Keywords: switching power supply, standardization, energy source, safeguard, critical component, error simulation, earthing resistance, touch current