Dokaz protiteles z rutinskim mikroaglutinacijskim in komercialnim testom ELISA pri bolnikih s sumom na leptospirozo

Kac, Valentina (author), Ružić Sabljić, Eva (mentor), Cvitković Špik, Vesna (comentor)

Leptospiroza velja za najbolj razširjeno zoonozo po vsem svetu. Povzročajo jo bakterije iz rodu Leptospira. Prenos bakterij na človeka se najpogosteje zgodi ob izpostavljenosti okolju, kontaminiranemu z leptospirami, ki aktivno vdirajo skozi kožo in sluznico. Pri večini bolnikov je okužba blaga in se kaže kot neznačilno vročinsko stanje ter se omeji brez zdravljenja. Približno 10 % bolnikov z leptospirozo pa prizadene hujša oblika bolezni, imenovana Weilov sindrom, kjer gre za kombinacijo zlatenice in odpovedi ledvic. Najpogosteje uporabljen diagnostični pristop za odkrivanje leptospiroze je serologija, ki temelji na dokazu specifičnih protiteles. V naši raziskavi smo uporabili dva testa, in sicer referenčni test MAT, s katerim smo dokazovali celokupna protitelesa (IgM in IgG) ter komercialni test ELISA, s katerim smo ločeno dokazovali protitelesa IgM in IgG. Namen raziskave je bil dokaz specifičnih protiteles z obema testoma ter primerjava in ujemanje rezultatov obeh seroloških testov. V raziskavo smo vključili 100 vzorcev bolnikov s sumom na leptospirozo. Ugotovili smo, da so pozitivni rezultati testa MAT najbolj korelirali s prisotnostjo protiteles IgM, ki smo jih dokazali s testom ELISA. Rezultati obeh testov so se v našem primeru ujemali v 83,1 %. Glede na odstotek ujemanja rezultatov obeh testov smo zaključili, da je test ELISA dobra alternativa za rutinsko diagnozo, predvsem za dokazovanje protiteles IgM in posledično odkrivanje okužb z leptospirozo v zgodnji fazi bolezni, vendar je potreben tudi test MAT za naknadno potrditev pozitivnega rezultata.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zoonoze, leptospiroza, Leptospira interrogans sensu lato, serološka diagnostika, mikroaglutinacijski test, MAT, encimsko imunski test, ELISA
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [V. Kac]
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-136574
• UDC: 579.61:616-078
• COBISS.SI-ID: 107556355
• Publication date in RUL: 12.05.2022

KAC, Valentina, 2022, Dokaz protiteles z rutinskim mikroaglutinacijskim in komercialnim testom ELISA pri bolnikih s sumom na leptospirozo [online]. Master’s thesis. Ljubljana : V. Kac. [Accessed 11 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=136574

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Antibody detection in patients with suspected leptospirosis with routinely microagglutination and commercial ELISA test

Abstract

Leptospirosis is considered the most widespread zoonosis worldwide, caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Bacterial transmission to humans usually through contact with an environment contaminated with leptospira, which actively penetrate the skin and mucous membranes. In most patients with leptospirosis, the infection is mild and manifests as an uncharacteristic febrile condition, limited without treatment. About 10 % of patients develop a more severe form of the disease called Weil's syndrome, which is a combination of jaundice and renal failure. The most commonly used diagnostic approach to detect leptospirosis is serology based on the detection of specific antibodies. Two tests were used in the master's thesis, the reference MAT test which detects both IgM and IgG classes of antibodies, and the commercial ELISA test which specifically detects IgM and IgG antibodies. The aim of the study was to detect specific antibodies with both tests and to compare and asses agreement between both serological tests. In the study, we included 100 human samples from patients with suspected leptospirosis. We found, that the positive results of the MAT test were most correlated with the presence of IgM antibodies, detected by the ELISA test. In our case, the results of the two tests agreed in 83,1 %. Based on the percentage of agreement between the results of the two tests, we concluded that the ELISA test is a good alternative for routine diagnosis, especially for detection of IgM antibodies and consequent detection of leptospirosis in the early stages of the disease, but the MAT test is also necessary for the subsequent confirmation of positive results.

• Keywords: zoonosis, leptospirosis, Leptospira interrogans sensu lato, serological diagnosis, microagglutination test, MAT, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA