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Pripravljenost službe nujne medicinske pomoči na »amok« situacije : diplomsko delo
ID
Kompare, Domen
(
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),
ID
Sotler, Robert
(
Mentor
)
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,
ID
Kramar, Janez
(
Comentor
),
ID
Prestor, Jože
(
Reviewer
)
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Abstract
Uvod: Beseda amok izvira iz 15. stoletja. Skozi zgodovino se je njen pomen nekoliko spreminjal, vseskozi pa je vključeval agresivno dejanje napada na več oseb, vse dokler napadalec ni bil nevtraliziran. Danes v nujni medicinski pomoči besedo amok uporabljamo za opis dogodka, kjer eden ali več storilcev brezciljno, sistematično, z orožjem ali drugimi sredstvi ubijejo ali poškodujejo eno ali več oseb, pri čemer je ključnega pomena, da z dejanjem nadaljujejo ali je očitno, da bodo z njim nadaljevali. Prelomnica v pristopu ekip nujne medicinske pomoči v primeru amok intervencij pomeni streljanje na osnovni šoli Sandy Hook 14. decembra 2012 v ameriški zvezni državi Connecticut. Leta 2017 so v Sloveniji izšla Priporočila za ukrepanje ekip nujne medicinske pomoči pri aktivnih življenju nevarnih dogodkih – AMOK intervencijah, ki opisujejo delovanje nujne medicinske pomoči od sprejema telefonskega klica do prenosa poškodovanca do reševalnega vozila. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opisati življenju nevarne dogodke in predstaviti, kako je služba nujne medicinske pomoči v Sloveniji pripravljena na morebitna posredovanja v amok intervencijah. Cilji diplomskega dela so predstaviti življenju nevarne dogodke, predstaviti pripravljenost sistema nujne medicinske pomoči v Sloveniji ter opisati vlogo zdravstvene nege pri obravnavanju življenju nevarnih dogodkov v nujni medicinski pomoči. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela, s katero smo pregledali in razložili, kaj so življenju nevarni dogodki. Predstavili smo tudi Priporočila za ukrepanje ekip nujne medicinske pomoči pri aktivnih življenju nevarnih dogodkih v Sloveniji. Diplomsko delo smo nadgradili z empiričnim delom, ki ponuja začetni vpogled v pripravljenost izvajalcev nujne medicinske pomoči za posredovanje na amok intervencijah. Rezultati: V Evropi smo v zadnjih 20 letih prepoznali 59 dogodkov, ki ustrezajo definiciji amok dogodkov. Predvsem po objavi karikature preroka Mohameda v francoskem častniku Charlie Hebdo se je število versko pogojenih napadov drastično povečalo, napadi so bili agresivnejši, čemur je sledilo drastično povečanje števila žrtev. Priporočila za ukrepanje ekip nujne medicinske pomoči pri aktivnih življenju nevarnih dogodkih v Sloveniji opisujejo posredovanje ekip nujne medicinske pomoči v primeru amok intervencij, poseben poudarek pa namenjajo tudi sodelovanju z ostalimi intervencijskimi službami in skupnim vajam za primer amok intervencij. V empiričnem delu smo z raziskavo ugotovili, da z ustrezno balistično opremo razpolaga dobra polovica izvajalcev, noben izvajalec nujne medicinske pomoči pa ne razpolaga s celotno ustrezno zaščitno opremo reševalcev. Polovica izvajalcev nujne medicinske pomoči ima lastne protokole za primer posredovanja ob amok intervencijah ali pa ima take protokole v pripravi. Izvajalci nujne medicinske pomoči se po večini udeležujejo izobraževanj, medtem ko jih zgolj četrtina izobraževanja izvaja v lastni režiji. Razprava in zaključek: Pripravljanje izvajalcev nujne medicinske pomoči v Sloveniji je, kljub bogatim izkušnjam iz tujine, ki kažejo potrebo po razvoju nujne medicinske pomoči tudi v tej smeri, počasno, opremljanje pa pomanjkljivo. S tem se bistveno podaljšuje morebitna hitrost odziva ekip nujne medicinske pomoči, varnost reševalcev in žrtev v primeru amok intervencij pa je zmanjšana. Ker lahko do amok dogodka pride kadar koli, bodo morali izvajalci nujne medicinske pomoči pod okriljem Ministrstva za zdravje izdelati enotne protokole za posredovanje v primeru amok intervencij, oblikovati pa je treba tudi kontinuirano izobraževanje in usposabljanje z vključenimi intervencijskimi službami.
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
diplomska dela
,
zdravstvena nega
,
življenju nevarni dogodki
,
amok
,
množično streljanje
,
aktivni smrtonosni dogodki
,
usposabljanje
,
intervencijske službe
Work type:
Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:
2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:
ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
Place of publishing:
Ljubljana
Publisher:
[D. Kompare]
Year:
2022
Number of pages:
33 str., [6] str. pril.
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-136435
UDC:
616-083
COBISS.SI-ID:
106450179
Publication date in RUL:
04.05.2022
Views:
2134
Downloads:
171
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Secondary language
Language:
English
Title:
The readiness of emergency medical services on amok situations : diploma work
Abstract:
Introduction: The word amok describes an incident where attackers injure or kill one or more persons and where it seems that they have the intention of continuing the act. An attack on the Sandy Hook Elementary School in the State of Connecticut, USA, in 2012 was a turning point in how emergency medical services teams intervene in such incidents. In Slovenia, we were provided with recommendations for emergency medical services teams'interventions in 2017. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis is to describe life-threating events and how well emergency medical services in Slovenia are prepared for potential amok interventions. The objective of this thesis is to present life-threating events and the preparedness of the emergency medical services system, and to describe the role of nursing in handling life-threating events in emergency medical services. Methods: Using the descriptive method, we have explained what life-threating events are. The Recommendations for Emergency Medical Services Teams' Interventions in Active Life-Threatening Events have been presented. The empirical part aimed to determine the preparedness of emergency medical services providers for amok interventions. Results: We mention 59 events taking place in the European Union and the United Kingdom over the last 20 years that comply with the definition of amok events. Especially after the French newspaper Charlie Hebdo published the caricature of the prophet Mohamed, the number of religiously inspired attacks increased dramatically. Those attacks were more aggressive and resulted in a dramatically increased number of victims. Slovenian recommendations describe the equipment and intervention mode of the medical emergency services team in the event of amok interventions, taking into special consideration its cooperation with other emergency services and joint exercises for amok interventions. It has been determined that merely half of emergency medical services providers have some of the recommended ballistic equipment for amok interventions at their disposal. Moreover, only half of them have their own protocols in place. Discussion and conclusion: The readiness of emergency medical services providers is progressing slowly and the teams are insufficiently equipped. There are virtually no joint exercises of different intervention services and emergency medical services providers, which prolongs the response time of emergency medical services teams and reduces the safety of emergency medical technicians, paramedics and victims at the scene. Because an amok event can occur anytime, the drawing up of unified protocols for interventions in the event of amok situations should be a priority for all the services involved.
Keywords:
diploma theses
,
nursing care
,
active life-threatening events
,
amok
,
mass shooting
,
active deadly events
,
training
,
emergency services
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