Assessment and evaluation of force–velocity variables in flywheel squats : validity and reliability of force plates, a linear encoder sensor, and a rotary encoder sensor

Spudić, Darjan (author), Cvitkovič, Robert (author), Šarabon, Nejc (author)

Research into flywheel (FW) resistance training and force–velocity–power (F–v–P) profiling has recently gained attention. Ground reaction force (GRF) and velocity (v) during FW squats can be predicted from shaft rotational data. Our study aimed to compare the inter-set reliability of GRF, v, and F–v–P relationship output variables calculated from force plates and linear encoder (presumed gold-standard) and rotary encoder data. Fifty participants performed two sets of FW squats at four inertias. Peak and mean concentric and eccentric GRF, v, and F–v–P outcomes from mean variables during the concentric phase of the squat were calculated. Good to excellent reliability was found for GRF and v (ICC > 0.85), regardless of the measure and the variable type. The F–v–P outcomes showed moderate to good reliability (ICC > 0.74). Inter-measure bias (p < 0.05) was found in the majority of GRF and v variables, as well as for all the calculated F–v–P outcomes (trivial to large TEs) with very large to perfect correlations for v (r 0.797–0.948), GRF (r 0.712–0.959), and, finally, F–v–P outcomes (ICC 0.737–0.943). Rotary encoder overestimated the force plates and linear encoder variables, and the differences were dependent on the level of inertia. Despite high reliability, FW device users should be aware of the discrepancy between the measures.

• Language: English
• Keywords: sport, reproducibility, isoinertia, concurrent validity, eccentric overload
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport; FRI - Faculty of Computer and Information Science
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 19 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 11, iss. 22, art. 10541
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-136417
• UDC: 796.01
• ISSN on article: 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app112210541
• COBISS.SI-ID: 84210947
• Publication date in RUL: 03.05.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Applied sciences
• Shortened title: Appl. sci.
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2076-3417
• COBISS.SI-ID: 522979353

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 09.11.2021

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: šport, ponovljivost, izoinercija, sočasna veljavnost, ekscentrična preobremenitev

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P5-0147
• Name: Kineziologija monostrukturnih, polistrukturnih in konvencionalnih športov

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: L5-1845
• Name: Telesne asimetrije kot dejavnik tveganja za nastanek mišično-skeletnih poškodb: proučevanje mehanizmov nastanka in razvoj korektivnih ukrepov za njihovo odpravljanje s ciljem primarne in terciarne preventive