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Produkti gorenja iz odprtih kurišč
ID Zalaznik, Gašper (Author), ID Schnabl, Simon (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Gorenje odprtih kurišč poteka značilno pri nizki temperaturi in omejenem dostopu kisika, pri čemer nastajajo škodljivi produkti, kot so: trdni delci (PM), ogljikov oksid (CO), metan (CH4), hlapne organske spojine (VOC-i), policiklični aromatski ogljikovodiki (PAH-i), »težke kovine«, dioksini (PCDD-ji) in furani (PCDF-ji). Ob uporabi neustreznih goriv, kot so na primer odpadki, se količina nastalih emisij znatno poveča. V diplomskem delu so identificirani in na kratko opisani glavni produkti, ki nastajajo pri odprtih kuriščih. Predstavljena je tudi zakonodaja v Sloveniji, ki zadeva problematiko odprtih kurišč. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da globalne emisije odprtega kurjenja odpadkov prispevajo velik delež k emisijam vseh antropogenih virov (predvsem trdni delci (PM), benzen, policiklični aromatski ogljikovodiki (PAH-i), formaldehidi in vodikovi kloridi). Obravnava vseh odpadkov bi bila preobsežna, zato smo se v tem delu podrobneje posvetili odprtemu kurjenju odpadnih pnevmatik, ki so zaradi številčnosti in uporabe svetovni problem. Iz podatkov meritev koncentracij emisij, ki nastanejo pri odprtem kurjenju odpadnih pnevmatik (meritve so povzete iz že opravljenih študij), in s primerjavo rezultatov z mejnimi vrednostmi v Sloveniji je bilo ugotovljeno, da odprto kurjenje pnevmatik povzroča onesnaženje, ki presega dopustne meje. Visoka odstopanja od postavljenih mejnih vrednostih v Sloveniji so bila zaznana pri naslednjih produktih: trdnih delcih (PM10), policikličnih aromatskih ogljikovodikih (PAH-ih), benzenu, težkih kovinah (tako v dimnih plinih kot v pepelu) in vodikovem sulfidu (H2S). V praksi ni mogoče nadzirati in zaznati vseh nepravilnih uporab odprtih kurišč (sploh individualnih kurišč), zato se zdi, da bi bil najboljši ukrep za zmanjšanje emisij odprtih kurišč izobrazba ljudi o njihovi škodljivosti in uporabi v naravnem okolju.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:odprta kurišča, emisije, odpadne pnevmatike, odpadki, mejna vrednost
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Year:2022
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-135351 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:100561667 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:08.03.2022
Views:810
Downloads:77
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Products of open burning
Abstract:
Open burning typically occurs at lower temperatures and with limited oxygen, producing harmful products such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), »heavy metals«, dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs). The amount of produced emissions increases significantly when inappropriate fuels, such as waste, are used. In the thesis, the main products generated by open burning are identified and briefly described. Legislation in Slovenia concerning open burning is also presented. The global emissions from open burning of waste were found to contribute a large share to the total anthropogenic emissions (mainly particulate matter (PM), benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formaldehydes and hydrogen chlorides). Since it is too large to cover all the types of waste, this thesis focuses in more detail on open burning of scrap tyres, which are a global problem due to their abundance and use worldwide. Through measured concentrations of emissions from open burning scrap tyres (measurements were taken from other studies) and comparison of the results with limit values in Slovenia, it is concluded that open burning of scrap tyres causes pollution exceeding the acceptable limits. High deviations from the limit values in Slovenia were detected for the following products: particulate matter (PM10), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, heavy metals (both in flue gases and ash) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). In reality, it is not possible to monitor and detect all improper uses of open burning (especially individual open burning). Therefore, it seems that the best measure to reduce emissions from open burning would be to educate people about harmful effects and use of open burning in the natural environment.

Keywords:open burning, emissions, scrap tyres, waste, limit values

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